260 except,besides,except for,apart from和but
① except (not including,but not)除……以外,……不包括在内(意味着从整体中减去部分)。
He gets up early every day except Sunday. 除星期天外,他每天都起得早。
② besides (in addition to)除……之外(还有)。
Besides John,all of us passed the examination. 约翰通过了考试,我们大家也都通过了考试。
③ except for意思与except基本相同,主要区别在于:
(1)介词或连词前用except。
He is very clever except that he is a poor speaker. 他人很聪明,只是不善言辞。
There was no way of settling the matter except by selling the house. 除非把房子卖掉,没有解决这个问题的其他办法。
(2)句首用except for。
Except for a slight headache,I feel all right now. 除了有点头痛,我现在感觉良好。
(3)except的宾语和前面主句中名词或代词是平行的同一性质的词;若不是同一性质的词,则用except for。比较:
The bus runs here every day except Sunday. 除星期天外,公交车每天都来这里。
Your essay is good except for a few spelling mistakes. 你的文章很好,只是有几处拼写错误。
但在all,any,every,nothing,anybody,everything,everywhere等表示“总体”概念的词后面既可用 except,也可用 except for。
I invited everyone except (for) John. 我邀请了除约翰外的所有人。
④ apart from有如下两种含义:
(1)=besides
Apart from sport,my other interest is music. 除了运动,我的另一个兴趣是听音乐。
(2)=except for
It is a good book apart from some misprints. 除了有些印刷错误,这本书很好。
⑤ but (excluding)除去……以外,多用在all,no,anywhere,everywhere,nobody 等后。but后若为人称代词,多用宾格。
All the students went to the movies but her. 除她外,所有的学生都去看电影了。
He will go anywhere but there. 除了不去那里,他哪里都去。