273 fault,defect,flaw,mistake和error
① fault一般指性格上的“弱点”,因品质上缺乏某种特质而有欠缺;也指行为上的过失,如违反某个准则、规章等,强调过失的责任。
Sloppiness is his greatest fault. 邋遢是他的最大缺点。
Everyone has his own fault. 人无完人。
② defect着重由于某种欠缺,因而影响到质量,也泛指一般缺点。
What defects can you find in the present system of education?在现行教育制度中,你能发现什么缺点?
A hearing aid helps to overcome the defect in hearing. 助听器有助于克服听力上的缺陷。
③ flaw原意是“罅隙”,意味着破裂或不能衔接,因而常用于文章、论证,指“漏洞,缺陷”,暗示使批评者“有隙可乘”,也比喻品格上的瑕疵。
It was difficult to find a flaw in his argument. 在他的论辩中很难找到漏洞。
The bubble is a flaw in the glass. 那个气泡是玻璃杯上的瑕疵。
Jealousy is the great flaw in his character. 嫉妒是他性格中的大缺点。
④ mistake往往指由于认识、判断、理解上的不正确、粗心而产生的看法或行为上的错误。mistake还强调对事物的意义不了解,把一个事物错当成另一个事物。常用搭配为:
by mistake(无意地)搞错
make a mistake 犯错误
take…by mistake 错拿
learn by one's mistake 从错误中学习
⑤ error主要指违反某一既定的标准,产生的疏忽、偏差或错误,这种差错往往是无意的。常用搭配为:
be in error 弄错了
fall into an error 犯错误
lead sb. into error 使犯错误
These are the printer's errors. 这些是排印上的错误。
Errors often result from carelessness. 差错常由疏忽引起。
提示
注意下面表示“错”的说法:
是我弄错了。
I'm wrong.
I'm in the wrong.
That's my fault.