350 hope,wish,expect和look forward to
① hope表示“希望”,是对未来的一种主观愿望,并有信心实现这种愿望。hope用作动词时,可以是及物动词或不及物动词,常用搭配有:①hope+不定式,②hope for sth.,③hope+that从句,④It is hoped+that从句。注意,不可以说hope sb. to do sth.。
Hope for the best,prepare for the worst. 抱最好的希望,作最坏的准备。
It is hoped that they will win the match. 大家都希望他们能赢这场比赛。
比较
I hope you to go there.
I hope that you will go there.
我希望你去那里。
我希望你在晚会上玩得愉快。
I hope you enjoy yourself at the party.(眼下)
I hope you will enjoy yourself at the party.(未来)
② wish表示“想要,渴望,但愿”,仅是个人的一种愿望而已,通常指某种难以实现的愿望。结构为:
wish to do sth.
wish sb. to do sth.
wish for sth.
wish sb./sth.+宾语补足语
I wish to go to college. 我想要上大学。
I wish you to stay here. 我希望你留在这里。
The farmers wished for rain. 农民盼望下雨。
I wish everybody happy. 我希望人人幸福。
I wish the work done this month. 我希望这个月做完这项工作。
提示
①wish表示“祝愿”时,后跟双宾语。
I wish you good luck. 祝你好运。
②wish后可以跟宾语从句,但从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气;表示现在的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去时;表示过去的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去完成时。
I wish I were a cloud. 但愿我是一片云。
I wish I could fly. 我要是会飞该多好。
I wish I had never written the letter. 但愿我没有写那封信。
③ expect表示“期待,盼望”,指怀着渴望和信心期盼着人或事,结构为:
expect to do sth.
expect sb. to do sth.
expect sb.+副词补足语
expect+that从句
I am expecting a letter from her. 我在等她的来信。
I expect to read some books during the holiday. 我期望假期里能读几本书。
I expect her to return soon. 我期待她不久就回来。
He expected her in tonight. 他指望她今天晚上留在家里。
I expect that he will pass the exam. 我盼望他能通过考试。
④ expect还可以表示“预料,料想,估计”。
I never expect him to do that. 我从没料到他会做那件事。
You have done better than I expected. 你做得比我原来预料的要好。
The cost is expected to be 1,000 dollars. 费用估计为1 000美元。
提示
expect的宾语从句如果是否定式,要进行“否定的转移”,即否定主句,肯定从句。
I expect it won't snow.
I don't expect it will snow.
我料想天不会下雪。
⑤ look forward to也可表示“期待”,指的是以欢乐或焦急的心情期待着某事发生。
孩子们期待着去国外旅游。
The children are looking forward to travel abroad.
(look forward to中的to为介词,后跟名词或动名词,不可跟不定式)
The children are looking forward to travelling abroad.