第16章 介 词 16.3 由介词构成的成语动词和介词成语
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    16.3 由介词构成的成语动词和介词成语

    16.3.1 由介词构成的成语动词

    由介词构成的成语动词主要有两类:

    1) 动词+介词:

    agree with 同意(某人意见)

    agree to 同意(某种安排等)

    answer for 对…负责

    appear for 为…出庭

    ask for 要求得到(见某人等)

    bank on 依靠

    bear with 容忍

    break with 和…断绝关系

    burst into (tears) 突然(哭起来)

    call for 来找(某人),要求,需要

    come across 碰到

    come by 得到

    count on 指望

    enter for 参与(比赛等)

    fly into (a rage) 勃然(大怒)

    get into 碰到(困难等)

    get over 克服,(病)愈

    get about 干(活),履行(职责等)

    go after 追求

    go into 调查

    hang on 取决于

    head for 向…前进

    hit on 想起(某主意)

    jump at 立即接受

    keep at 继续(干某事)

    keep from 避免(做某事)

    live on 靠…生活

    look after 照顾,照看

    look for 找寻

    look into 调查

    make after 追赶

    pass for 冒充(某人)

    press for 要求

    run across (into) 碰到

    run into 碰到(困难)

    run through 用完

    see about 负责处理

    see through 看破

    stand by 支持

    stand for 主张

    stand on (ceremony)客气

    stick to 坚持

    touch on 提到(某问题)

    wait on 招待

    2) 动词+副词+介词:

    back on to 背后是

    boil down to 归结是

    break out into 出(疹子)

    brush up on 复习

    come across with 讲出来

    come down on 斥责

    come in for 受到(批评)

    come out against 表示反对

    come out with 推出(产品等)

    come up against 碰到

    come up to 达到(水平)

    come up with 提出(建议等)

    cry out against 大声疾呼地反对

    do away with 废除

    face up to 面对

    fall back on 转而依靠

    fall behind with 迟迟未交(房租)

    feel up to 感到想(做某事)

    get away with (犯罪)不受惩罚

    get down to 开始认真考虑

    get on for 快到(某时)

    get on with 继续进行(某事)

    give on to 面对(花园等)

    go back on (说了话)不遵守

    go in for 从事(某项活动)

    go off with 和…私奔

    go through with 把…进行到底

    keep up with 跟上(发展)

    live up to 达到(期望)

    look down on 看不起

    look forward to 盼望

    look out for 当心

    look up to 敬重(某人)

    make up for 弥补

    make up to 拍…马屁

    put up with 忍受

    run out of 用完

    run up against 碰到

    stand out against 坚决反对

    stand out for 坚决要求

    stand up to 面对(危险等)

    stick out for 坚持要求

    关于成语动词可参阅7.1.6和13.3.4节及附录1。

    16.3.2 介词成语

    1) 除了成语动词,英语中还有大量成语由介词构成,单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语:

    at:

    at a stretch 一连,连续地

    at a time 一次,每次

    at all costs 不惜一切代价

    at all events 不管怎样

    at all hazards 不顾一切危险

    at any rate 不管怎样

    at ease 稍息,安心

    at fault 有错误

    at first 最初,开始时

    at first sight 一见(钟情)

    at hand 不远,快到

    at heart 在内心

    at home 在家,随便

    at large 逍遥法外,未被关注

    at last 最后

    at least 至少

    at leisure 从容不迫地

    at length 最后,详细地

    at liberty 自由,有权(做某事)

    at the moment 此刻

    at most 至多

    at once 立即,同时

    at one blow (stroke)一下子

    at one's fingertips 非常熟悉

    at one's service 听候吩咐

    at one's wit's end 计穷,没有办法

    at peace (war) 处于和平(战争)状态

    at play (work) 在玩耍(工作)

    at present 现在,目前

    at random 随意地,胡乱地

    at sea 茫然,不知所措

    at the earliest (latest) 至早(迟)

    at the outset 从一开头

    at the risk of 冒…的危险

    at the same time (与此)同时

    at the start 一开头

    at the time 此刻,这时

    at the top of one's voice 高声地

    at times 有时候

    at will 任意地

    by:

    by accident 偶然

    by air 航空

    by all means 想一切办法

    by any chance 碰巧,恰好

    by birth 出身…

    by bus (plane, etc.) 坐巴士(飞机等)

    by chance 偶然

    by cheque 用支票

    by credit card 用信用卡

    by choice 出于自愿

    by daylight 在大白天

    by day (night) 白天(夜间)

    by far 最最(修饰最高级)

    by dint of 通过(下功夫)

    by force 靠武力

    by fits and starts 干一干停一停

    by leaps and bounds 飞跃地

    by hook or by crook 想一切办法

    by mistake 错误地,误把…

    by means of 借助

    by post 邮(寄)

    by no means 绝不,一点也不

    by turns 轮流

    by stages (degrees) 分阶段地(一步步地)

    by surprise 突然,出其不意

    by virtue of 由于(某些优越处)

    by the way 顺便说一句

    in:

    in a nutshell 概括地说,总之

    in a row 一连

    in a sense 从某种意义上说

    in accordance with 按照,根据

    in addition (to) 此外(除…之外)

    in advance 事前

    in all 总共

    in any case (event) 不管怎样,反正

    in brief 简而言之

    in case 要是,如果

    in case of 在…情况下

    in comparison 比较起来

    in danger 处于危险中

    in debt 负债

    in demand 有需求

    in depth 深入地

    in detail 详细地

    in doubt (对…)有怀疑

    in fact 实际上

    in full 全部地,全文地

    in general 一般说来

    in ink (pencil) 用钢笔(铅笔)写

    in love 在恋爱

    in no time 很快(就…)

    in one's opinion 在(某人)看来

    in order (disorder) 井井有条(很乱)

    in order to (that) 以便,为了

    in other words 换句话说

    in part(s) 部分地

    in person 亲自

    in practice 实际上

    in public (private) 公开(私下)地

    in regard to 关于

    in return 回过来,作为报答

    in short 总之

    in so far as 就…来说

    in spite of 尽管

    in terms of 就…来说

    in that 在…方面,因为

    in the course of 在…过程中

    in the dark 蒙在鼓里,不知情

    in the day time 在白天

    in the end 最后

    in the event of 如果发生(某事)

    in (the) face of 在…面前

    in the least 一点(也不)

    in the long run 从长远来说

    in the main 一般来说

    in the mean time 与此同时,在此期间

    in the middle of 在…中间

    in time 及时地,经过一段时间

    in the nick of time 正好及时

    in turn 轮流

    in vain 白白地,没有结果

    in view of 考虑到…

    on:

    on account of 由于

    on approval 允许退货

    on average 平均

    on behalf of 代表(某人)

    on board 在船(飞机)上

    on business 出差,办事

    on condition 在…条件下

    on credit 赊购

    on the decline 在衰退中

    on the decrease 在减少中

    on demand 在要求支付时

    on display 展出

    on duty 值班

    on fire 着火

    on foot 步行

    on guard 有警惕,值班

    on hand 在身边

    on holiday 在休假

    on no account 绝不

    on one's chest 有心事

    on one's mind 在想某事

    on one's own 独立地

    on purpose 故意地

    on sale 在出售

    on strike 罢工,罢课

    on the contrary 相反

    on the mend 在痊愈(改善)中

    on the (tele) phone 在接(打)电话

    on the point of 正要(做某事)

    on the run 东跑西颠,正在逃窜

    on the spot 就地

    on the spur of the moment 即兴

    on the way 在路上

    on time 准时

    on top of 在…上面

    on trial 正在受审

    out of:

    out of action 失灵

    out of breath 气喘吁吁

    out of control 失去控制

    out of danger 脱(离危)险

    out of date 过时

    out of doors 在户外

    out of element 格格不入

    out of fashion 不时新

    out of favor 失宠

    out of focus 对焦不准

    out of hand 失去控制

    out of humor 情绪不佳

    out of keeping (with) 和…不协调

    out of luck 倒霉,运气不佳

    out of one's mind 不想(某事)

    out of order 坏了

    out of pain 没有疼痛

    out of patience 失去耐心

    out of place 格格不入,不合适

    out of practice 荒疏

    out of print 不再印行

    out of reach 无法得到(拿到)

    out of season 下市了

    out of senses 头脑不正常

    out of service 退役,不再使用

    out of shape 变形

    out of sight 看不见

    out of sorts 身子不舒服

    out of step 不合拍

    out of stock 售罄

    out of sympathy 不同情

    out of temper 发脾气

    out of the ordinary 不同寻常

    out of the question 不可能

    out of touch (with) 和…失去联系

    out of tune 走调

    out of use 不再使用

    out of work 失业

    2) 有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语:

    day after day 日复一日地

    year after year 年复一年地

    one after another 一个接一个地

    one by one 一个接一个

    little by little 一点一点地

    side by side 并肩

    step by step 一步步地

    face to face 面对面

    arm in arm 手挽手地

    hand in hand 手牵手地

    hand in glove 互相勾结

    hand over fist 大量赚(赔)钱

    head above water (生意)能维持

    head over heels 倒栽葱

    day to day日常的

    day by day 一天一天地

    day before yesterday 前天

    day after tomorrow 后天

    heart in one's mouth 提心吊胆

    heart-to-heart 互相交心的

    3) 还有一些成语包含两个介词:

    from beginning to end 从头至尾

    from bad to worse 越来越糟

    from time to time 不时地

    from head to foot 从头到脚,浑身

    from morning to night 从早到晚

    from start to finish 从头至尾

    from door to door 挨门挨户地

    from top to bottom 整个地,彻底

    from place to place 到各地

    from hand to mouth 勉强糊口

    from generation to generation 一代一代地

    from cover to cover (书)全部地,从头到尾

    4) 此外,“be+形容词+介?”也是一类成语:

    be found of 喜欢

    be full of 充满

    be interested in 对…有兴趣

    be keen on 热衷于

    be confident in 对…有信心

    be short of 缺乏

    be sick of 厌恶

    be proud of 对…感到骄傲

    be loyal to 对…忠诚

    be ashamed of 为…感到羞耻

    be worried about 为…担心

    be allergic to 对…过敏

    be satisfied with 对…感到满意

    be aware of 意识到

    be busy with 忙于(某事)

    be different from 和…不同

    be sympathetic with 对…同情

    be capable of 能干某事

    be famous for 因…而出名

    be curious about 对…好奇

    关于各介词短语和成语动词的用法可参阅《现代英语用法辞典》(外研社出版)。

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