2.3.1　构成名词的后缀

1) 构成名词的后缀很多，常见的有下面这些：

后　缀　　　　　　　　　　　　例　词

* * *

等于-ability stability availability advisability capability

等于-age shortage marriage leakage drainage

等于-al denial betrayal dismissal withdrawal

等于-an American Russian Asian African

等于-ance attendance guidance performance assistance

等于-ant applicant consultant immigrant participant

等于-ary dictionary missionary boundary commentary

等于-ate doctorate consulate electorate directorate

等于-ation examination education decoration temptation

等于-cy accuracy efficiency privacy bureaucracy

等于-dom freedom kingdom wisdom boredom

等于-ee employee absentee refugee trustee

等于-eer engineer mountaineer auctioneer profiteer

等于-ence difference existence preference diligence

等于-er driver writer reporter dancer

等于-ery bribery embroidery mockery machinery

等于-ese Chinese Japanese Portuguese Vietnamese

等于-ess actress princess goddess hostess

等于-ful handful spoonful bagful busful

等于-hood childhood neighborhood motherhood knighthood

等于-ian magician musician historian mathematician

等于-ibility possibility visibility responsibility flexibility

等于-ing feeling shopping reading sightseeing

等于-ion action decision collection creation

等于-ism Marxism socialism pessimism heroism

等于-ist capitalist communist racist novelist

等于-ity prosperity equality formality majority

等于-let piglet booklet starlet bracelet

等于-man fireman policeman chairman Englishman

等于-ment arrangement government development assignment

等于-ness happiness sadness weakness bitterness

等于-or actor sailor director visitor

等于-ry jewelry slavery bribery bravery

等于-ship friendship leadership ownership sportsmanship

等于-ty loyalty safety cruelty penalty

等于-ure failure departure pleasure pressure

等于-ware software glassware silverware hardware

等于-work housework schoolwork needlework paperwork

等于-y modesty difficulty discovery inquiry

2) 还有一些次要的构成名词的后缀：

后　缀　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　例　词

* * *

等于-aholic, oholic bookaholic workaholic chocoholic

等于-archy anarchy monarchy hierarchy

等于-arian librarian vegetarian humanitarian

等于-cide suicide homicide genocide

等于-craft aircraft hovercraft spacecraft

等于-ette cigarette usherette kitchenette

等于-folk menfolk countryfolk townsfolk

等于-gram diagram telegram kilogram

等于-graph autograph paragraph photograph

等于-hand farmhand factory-hand garage-hand

等于-head spearhead bridgehead letterhead

等于-ial denial burial memorial

等于-itis arthritis hepatitis appendicitis

等于-logue dialogue monologue catalogue

等于-mania egomania kleptomania megalomania

等于-mate schoolmate roommate playmate

等于-meter barometer speedometer thermometer

等于-metre centimetre kilometre millimetre

等于-monger fishmonger warmonger rumourmonger

等于-ocracy autocracy democracy bureaucracy

等于-ocrat aristocrat bureaucrat democrat

等于-ology biology psychology ecology

等于-phone earphone saxophone telephone

等于-scape landscape moonscape riverscape