“欧英语”的崛起？

当一些不同母语的人们聚到一起，他们几乎不可避免会用英语作为沟通语言，如果这儿有英美人，他们很快会发现这种英语与自己讲的不一样，而他们自己的“标准英语”反而可能是最让人听不懂的。这是否意味着一种“欧式英语”的崛起呢？

测试中可能遇到的词汇和知识：

pidgin English 洋泾浜英语，即受其他语言影响的、不标准的英语。如汉语中的马达、水门汀、派对等词汇就是来源于中式洋泾浜英语。

creole ['kri:əul] 克里奥尔语，即混合语，这里指的是海地等地混合着英语和法语词汇、抛弃了正规语法的一种语言。

transcend [træn'send; trɑːn-] 超过

figurative ['fɪg(ə)rətɪv; -gjʊ-] 比喻性的

Eurish has developed a grammar of its own (686 words)

By Michael Skapinker

When slave traders shipped their human cargo to the Caribbean and to the American coast, they mixed people of different languages together to head off any rebellion, David Crystal says in his book The English Language.

The captives and sailors developed a pidgin English, which, with the next generation, became a creole, which turned into the forms that characterise the language in the Caribbean and among some groups of African-Americans today, with their varying degrees of distance from standard English.

West Indian English speakers, Crystal wrote, “often do not mark plurals (three book) or possessives (that man house) [and] verbs do not use the -s ending (he see me)”.

I frequently observe another group of people with different mother tongues thrown together and required to talk. Free-born and wealthy, they are European business people who speak French, German, Portuguese, Dutch, Swedish or Polish at home but, when they get together, almost invariably turn to English.

I listen to them on conference panels, in meetings and at trade shows. I marvel at their competence and confidence, particularly in discussions on stage, under bright lights, when they cannot rely on prepared scripts.

Business people all over the world speak English when dealing with companies in other countries, of course. But the language is not used as intensively as it is in Europe, where many people, at all levels, exchange emails and participate in meetings, telephone calls and Skype conferences in English, often throughout the day.

In spite of their admirable fluency, these business people often say things that native English speakers would regard as wrong. Sometimes these grammatical and lexical quirks are clearly carried over from their own languages. (This is another significant difference between these business people and the descendants of slaves: the Europeans retain their own languages.)

But I began to notice common grammatical tics that transcended mother tongues and united speakers of Romance and Germanic languages. Were we, I wondered, witnessing the development of a new English dialect? Could we call it Eurish?

Realising that attending European meetings and conferences gave me a seat in one of the world's most fascinating linguistic laboratories, I began to take notes and watch online videos of panel discussions.

There are academic researchers doing the same, noting real-life business conversations and examining the collocations and grammatical changes. My sample size may be smaller. But here are variations I have noticed. Some of these may be specific to Europe. Others are, no doubt, happening around the world.

The dropping of the “s” in the third person singular (“it remind me”) is quite common, but most continental European speakers of English have had formal lessons in the language and know that, in conventional grammar, the “s” is required. Those who leave it out sometimes remember it in the next sentence.

More frequent is “I will answer to your question” – rather than the native speaker's “answer your question”– which I have heard from speakers of several languages.

Another common feature of Eurish is the plural uncountable noun. In native-speaker English, uncountable, or mass, nouns are singular. I often hear non-native speakers use them as plurals: “This is showing potentials”; “contractual informations”; “We can accept criticisms”; “We need good infrastructures”. This is not unique to Europe. On Indian government English-language websites, there are references to “legislations”.

Another frequent variation is the use of the “to” form where native speakers use “-ing”. I have noted: “We are looking forward to see you”; “We have experience to deliver this”; “This addiction to feel sorry for ourselves”; “We spend hours to complain”.

Many native speakers will say these are just mistakes. People who learn English properly do not make them. But most of these conversations happen without any native English speakers there.

When Britons, Americans or other native speakers appear at conferences, they are often in a minority and, with their overuse of figurative language, are frequently the least comprehensible people in the room. Eurish is developing behind their backs.

请根据你所读到的文章内容，完成以下自测题目：

1.What do we know about “creole”?

A.This language is invented by slave traders.

B.Creole is the same as “Pidgin English”.

C.Creole ia not a language, but a category of languages.

D.It is spoken by mainstream African Americans.

答案(1)

2.What do we know about the English spoken by European speakers?

A.They often abolish their own languages and speak English.

B.They usually carry strong accents of their native tongue.

C.They speak in a way that native English speakers do not.

答案(2)

3.Non-native speakers from all countries make some common mistakes. However, which of the following is correct?

A.“it remind me”

B.“legislation of India”

C.“I will answer to your question”

D.“We spend hours to complain”

答案(3)

4.What does the writer think about the “Eurish”?

A.laudable

B.lamentable

C.unbelievable

D.inevitable

答案(4)

* * *

(1)答案：C.Creole ia not a language, but a category of languages.

解释：第二段中说道，黑奴和水手们发展出了一种“洋泾浜英语”，而这种语言到他们的下一代就演化成了“克里奥尔语”。

(2)答案：C.They speak in a way that native English speakers do not.

解释：只有不同国家的欧洲人到一起才会转向英语，不可能所有人都有很重的口音。而任何非英语母语的人都会或多或少带着一些自己语言的习惯或词汇等。

(3)答案：B.“legislation of India”

解释：In native-speaker English, uncountable, or mass, nouns are singular. “立法”也是不可数的。 potentials, criticisms, informations, infrastructures其实都是错误的。

的确，印度环保部网站上写着legislations，而英国国会网站则写的全是legislation.

(4)答案：D.inevitable

解释：最后一段作者讲，英美等英语国家的人出现在国际会议上时，虽然大家都用英语，但他们的英语是少数派，而且他们爱用比喻性的说法，这让他们往往成为最难以理解的。因此，一种简化形式的“欧英语”正在悄然出现。