ii. 独立主格结构表达的意义

1. 表示伴随的动作或状态、方式或补充说明。

He sat in the front row, his mouth half open .

他坐在前排，嘴巴半张着。

They were making a snowman, hands red with cold .

他们正在堆雪人，手冻得通红。

I have bought a new coat, the old one being worn out.

我买了一个新大衣，旧的穿破了。

2. 说明时间或顺序。

Spring coming on, the trees turned green.

春天来了，树变绿了。

Our work having been finished , we went home.

工作完成了，我们回家了。

The signal given, the bus started.

信号发出了，公共汽车才启动了。

The meeting (being) over , we left the room.

会议结束了，我们离开了房间。

3. 表示原因。

It being Sunday , the library was closed.

由于是星期天，图书馆没有开门。

The weather being fine , we went for a walk.

由于天气很好，我们出去散步了。

There being no buses, we had to walk home.

由于没有公共汽车，我们只好步行回家了。

The key having been lost , she could not enter the room.

钥匙丢了，她不能进房间了。

4. 表示条件。

Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.

若时间允许的话，我们要游览颐和园。

Weather permitting, they will hold a sports meeting.

天气允许的话，他们要开运动会。

Everything taken into consideration, the plan seems to be more workable.

一切考虑在内的话，这个计划似乎更可行。

专项练习

1. The man rushed into the house, his face _______ under his cap.

A. hiding

B. having hidden

C. hidden

D. to hide

2. _______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. There being

B. Being

C. Having been

D. There was

3. _______ no bus, we had to walk home.

A. As there being

B. As there was

C. Being

D. There was

4. _______ Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A. Being

B. There being

C. It being

D. Having been

5. _______ Sunday, the library doesn't open.

A. As it being

B. Being

C. It is

D. As it is

6. _______ , the train started.

A. The signal given

B. Giving the signal

C. The signal being given

D. The signal giving

7. _______ , the train started.

A. After having given the signal

B. After the signal given

C. Giving the signal

D. After the signal was given

8. _______ , the text became easier for us to learn.

A. Explaining new words

B. New words explained

C. Being explained new words

D. Having explained new words

9. _______ , the text became easier for us to learn.

A. When new words were explained

B. Explaining new words

C. New words explaining

D. Being explained new words

10. So many problems _______ , I'm in a tight corner.

A. settled

B. remained to settle

C. being settled

D. remaining to be settled

11. The speech _______ , a lively discussion started.

A. being delivered

B. was delivered

C. be delivered

D. having been delivered

12. My money _______ , I have to do some part-time job _______ my living.

A. has run out; earning

B. is running out; to earn

C. has been run out; earning

D. running out; to earn

13. _______ , we don't have to go home on foot.

A. There comes a bus

B. Coming a bus there

C. There coming a bus

D. Because the bus coming

14. The meeting _______ over, we all left the room.

A. is

B. to be

C. being

D. would be

15. European football is played in 80 countries, it _______ the most popular sport in the world.

A. making

B. makes

C. made

D. to make

16. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.

A. Having suffered

B. Suffering

C. To suffer

D. Suffered

17. The fish _______ bad, the children left much of it _______.

A. tasted, untouched

B. tasting, untouched

C. tasting, untouching

D. tasted, untouching

18. _______ from what you say, he ought to succeed.

A. Judged

B. Judging

C. When you judged

D. Because you judge

19. Everything _______ into consideration, they ought to have another chance.

A. to take

B. taken

C. to be taken

D. taking

20. Time _______ , I'll drop in on you while visiting your hometown.

A. permit

B. permitted

C. being permitted

D. permitting

21. The boy followed the nobleman here, _______.

A. a sword in hand

B. a sword in his hand

B. Being a sword in hand

D. sword in hand

22. The boy followed the nobleman here _______.

A. with a sword in his hand

B. with a sword in hand

C. with a sword being in hand

D. a sword being in hand

23. He left the office, _______.

A. tears being in eyes

B. tears in eyes

C. being tears in eyes

D. with tears being in eyes

24. She left the office _______.

A. with tears being in eyes

B. with tears in his eyes

C. being tears in eyes

D. tears being in eyes

答案速查　1-5　CABCD　6—10　ADBAD　11—15　DDCCA　16—20　ABBBD　21—24　DABB