概括大意与完成句子 专项练习与答案精讲 一

（一）Global Warming

Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three quarters of the greenhouse (温室) effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.

This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2℃. So the 0.6℃ of warming over the past century would have been 0.8℃ without aerosols.

But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher—aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three quarters, cutting increases by 1.8℃. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.

As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change", the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.

1. Paragraph 2________.

2. Paragraph 3________.

3. Paragraph 4________.

4. Paragraph 5________.

* * *

A. Atmospheric Scientists

B. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop

C. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of Aerosols

D. The Scientists' Agreement

E. The Authoritative Conclusion

F. Greenhouse Gases

* * *

5. When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature______.

6. The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop______.

7. The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure______.

8. The increase of greenhouse gases______.

* * *

A. will influence future climate change

B. was somewhat surprising

C. will rise rapidly

D. was known to US all

E. was much higher than had been expected

* * *

［重要考点］

［主旨大意］

本文主要讨论了关于全球气候变暖的问题。气候专家在德国柏林召开研讨会，得出的结论是，一直以来，大气中的浮质在保护地球尽量免受温室效应的影响，而且其效果比大家预想的要明显得多，对此文中给出了一系列的计算数据加以论证。这个结论令人惊讶，但专家同时指出，在未来二三十年内，这层覆盖物会减少，而同时温室气体却在不断增加，到那时气温会明显升高。文章最后指出，研讨会与会专家们已经在一份起草报告中达成一致。

［长难句结构解析］

1. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.

（1）该句由but连接的表示转折关系的两个句子组成。

（2）画线部分的that从句是say的宾语从句，其中as the cover diminishes in coming decades是作为that从句部分的时间状语从句。

（3）that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses，这一个that从句作为定语从句修饰a dramatic increase of warming。

（4）参考译文：这听起来似乎是个好消息，但专家指出，随着覆盖物在未来几十年内的减少，我们会面临气温的急剧升高，其升高幅度有可能会是官方预测的两倍甚至三倍。

2. This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

（1）主干部分为This was the dramatic conclusion。

（2）conclusion与reached之间省略了which was，“reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin”作为后置定语来修饰conclusion。

（3）画线部分是作为定语从句来修饰前边的Dahlem，Berlin。

（4）including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 这一部分是用来修饰scientists的，但因其太长被放在了句末。

（5）参考译文：这个令人吃惊的结论是上周在柏林达莱姆由杰出大气层专家一起召开的研讨会上得出的，与会者包括诺贝尔奖得主Paul Crutzen以及曾担任联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会主席的瑞典科学家Bert Bolin。

3. IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions.

（1）句子主干为IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that...。

（2）画线部分是谓语suspected的宾语从句。

（3）参考译文：在过去十年中，政府间气候变化专门委员会的专家一度怀疑，一直以来是烟雾浮质以及由燃烧热带雨林、作物废料和矿物燃料所产生的微小粒子在阻挡阳光并消解二氧化碳释放物所引起的温室效应。

4. As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change", the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.

（1）该句主干部分即为上面的画线部分，而前半部分是as引导的伴随状语从句。

（2）在由as引导的伴随状语从句中，that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change" 是作为定语从句修饰前面的句子。

（3）参考译文：随着温室气体在大气层中持续增加，而浮质却保持不变甚至减少，这意味着未来气候所可能发生剧烈变化。就此，专家在柏林研讨会上已经在一份起草报告中达成一致。

［答案解析］

1．E。［解析］第二段只有一句话，其主干为：This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together...句子意思是：这个令人吃惊的结论是上周在柏林达莱姆由杰出的大气层专家一起召开的研讨会上得出的。这里杰出的大气层专家必然代表的是权威观点，其意思与选项E表达一致，故E为正确答案。

2．C。［解析］第三段主题句是第一句：IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮质) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. 这个长句的结构及意思我们已经讨论过，这里不赘述。显然这句讲的是浮质对大气的影响，并在后两句中给出了计算，这个计算先于第四段所提到的计算。选项C与其意思一致，故C为正确答案。

3．B。［解析］第四段主题句为第一句But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher...柏林研讨会得出的结论是，实际的数字要高得多。段落其他部分给出了相关的计算数据。这与选项B意思一致，故B为正确答案。

4．D。［解析］第五段也只是一个长句，句子主干部分为the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop，这说明专家在柏林研讨会上达成一致结论，选项D与其意思一致，故D为正确答案。

5．C。［解析］根据题干线索词the cover diminishes定位原文至第一段第二句后半部分：as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses，这里a dramatic increase of warming意思即为气温的大幅度升高。与选项C意思一致，故C为正确答案。

6．B。［解析］根据题干线索词the Berlin workshop定位原文至第二段第一句前半部分：This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin...，这里dramatic意为“令人吃惊的”，与surprising属于同义词，由此可推断B为正确答案。

7．E。［解析］根据题干线索词the real figure可将原文定位至第四段第一句前半部分：But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher，这说明柏林研讨会得出的结论是，真正的数字“比这还要高”，是说比第三段推测的数字要高，也就比人们预期的要高。选项E与其意思吻合。

8．A。［解析］根据“题目顺序与段落顺序基本保持一致”的考试规律，可将原文定位至最后一段，其中第一句中的those gases即指the greenhouse gases。这段说明随着温室气体在大气层中持续增加，而浮质却保持不变甚至减少，这意味着未来气候有可能发生剧烈变化，即说明温室气体的增加会导致气候的变化。选项A与其表达一致，故A为正确答案。