阅读理解分析（B） 如何解答“逻辑题”？

解题思路

逻辑题目的在于考查考生既理解个别句子的意义，也理解上下文之间逻辑关系的能力。在阅读理解部分中，很多题目都是考查这一能力的，题干的形式和措词往往没有固定形式。但这一类题目要求考生准确理解一些有关联的句子之间的种种逻辑关系（例如概括和举例说明、前因后果、行为动机、比较、条件或让步等）。

［温馨提示］

可以这样认为，逻辑题在某种程度上囊括了其他五种题型，因为无论是主旨题、细节题、猜词题、推理题还是态度题，都可能在一定程度上考查考生对于上下文之间逻辑关系的把握能力。常见的问题形式有：

sb. is asked/advised to do sth. because________.

The best solution for... seems to be________.

Which of the following may cause/lead to... according to the passage?

According to the passage/Paragraph ×, ...seems to be______.

Which of the following best describes the organization of Paragraph X of the text?

According to the text, × × × and the author agree on which of the following statements about...?

每篇文章的各个句子之间、各个段落之间都存在一定的逻辑关系。借助上下文之间的逻辑关系，考生能够更好地理解文章主旨、大意。文章中的逻辑关系主要包括列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、时间顺序、目的及条件等。而这些逻辑关系又是使用逻辑词来表达的，没有适当的逻辑词，文章就会语意模糊不清，无法构成篇章。故考生应熟记表达各种不同逻辑关系的词。

对于逻辑题，考生要注意在阅读时寻找逻辑词、过渡词或者固定搭配，充分利用连接上下文的过渡词与指代词提供的语篇连接线索，看懂句子之间、段落之间的关系，了解作者的思路和观点，这样就能轻而易举地解答题目。

真题回放

Youth Emancipation in Spain

The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest.

Around 55 per cent of people aged 18～34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the latest report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth.

To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the institute started a "Youth Emancipation (解放)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs.

Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious (不稳定的) labour market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 per cent a year since 2000.

Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists. Family ties in south Europe—Italy, Portugal and Greece—are stronger than those in middle and north Europe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Keys for Understanding".

In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized, said Minguez.

In Spain, especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外甥、侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner.

Parents' tolerance (宽容) is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and are wary of setting bedtime rules.

A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a big fight and call the father a Fascist, said Jose Antonio Gomez Yanez, a sociologist at Carlos Ⅲ University of Madrid.

Mothers' willingness to do children's household chores worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good.

His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well, Masso said.

43. Young people's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT________.

A. parent's tolerance

B. housing problems

C. unwillingness to get married

D. cultural traditions

43．C。［解析］文章讨论了西班牙的社会问题——青少年对家庭过分地依赖，分析了造成西班牙青少年对家庭过分依赖的各种原因。第四段、第五段和第八段中分别讲述了四个原因：Economists blame young people's family dependence on the precarious labour market and increasing housing prices（不稳定的劳动力市场和不断增长的房价）；Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem...（文化因素）；Parents' tolerance is another factor（父母的宽容）。对比选项，A、B和D均可排除，只有C文中并未提到。此题要注意问题与原因之间的关系，以及各个原因之间的并列关系。

Achilles' heel

Beijing-Shanghai Railway was completed in 1968. Since opening, it has been one of the busiest routes in our country. The Beijing-Shanghai Route is now served by 10 trains a day, five of which are non-stop. The journey time is just under 12 hours. Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours.

问题：When the Beijing-Shang train runs at 250 kph, the passengers spend________on the train.

A. ten hours

B. twelve hours

C. one day

D. two days

［典型错误］此题有的考生很容易误选B。

［错因分析］这道题属于直观性问题。题干根据原句稍加改动而编成。选B的考生只看到了The journey time is just under 12 hours，其实这是就北京—上海铁路线上的总体情况而言的，在下句说得很明白：Now trains are allowed to travel at 250 kph (kilometers per hour) and the journey time is only 10 hours，也就是说全程也就只需要10小时了。

［正确答案］A。

［归纳拓展］考生在阅读的过程中，要注意各个段落之间、各个句子之间的逻辑关系，不要匆忙地选择答案。