Do you like to "work out?"
你喜欢“work out”吗？
 
What do you do to "warm up" for exercise?
你用什么来“热身”运动？
 
Do you enjoying walking, dancing, or running?
你喜欢散步、跳舞还是跑步？
 
In today's Everyday Grammar, we will look at how we can express ways we exercise. You will learn about common phrasal verbs to describe our actions and gerunds for kinds of exercises.
在今天的日常语法中，我们将看看我们如何表达我们练习的方式。您将学习描述我们动作的常用动词短语和各种练习的动名词。
 
Let's begin with phrasal verbs.
让我们从动词短语开始。
 
Phrasal verbs
动词短语
 
Phrasal verbs have a verb and either a preposition or an adverb called a particle. A particle is a short word. Phrasal verbs can be made up of one particle or two. A phrasal verb has a meaning different from that of the verb alone. Phrasal verbs can often be separated from the particle by a noun or pronoun.
短语动词有一个动词和一个介词或一个称为助词的副词。助词是一个短词。短语动词可以由一个或两个粒子组成。短语动词的含义不同于单独的动词。短语动词通常可以通过名词或代词与助词分开。
 
Some of the most common exercise phrases in English are phrasal verbs.
英语中一些最常见的练习短语是短语动词。
 
Let's take a look at some of them.
让我们来看看其中的一些。
 
"Work out" is a transitive verb. meaning to do physical exercise to make your body strong or healthy. A transitive verb can take a direct object.
“锻炼”是一个及物动词。意思是做体育锻炼使你的身体强壮或健康。及物动词可以带直接宾语。
 
She works out her legs every day at the gym.
她每天都在健身房锻炼腿。
 
"Warm up" means to prepare for exercise by doing light exercise to increase your heart rate and warm your body.
“热身”意味着通过做轻度运动来准备运动增加您的心率并温暖您的身体。
 
Emily warms up by walking on the treadmill.
艾米丽通过在跑步机上行走来热身。
 
"Cool down" is the opposite of warm up. After intense exercise, you need to cool down your body to let your heart rate decrease naturally.
“降温”与热身相反。剧烈运动后，需要让身体降温，让心率自然降低。
 
I like to cool down by stretching my muscles.
我喜欢通过伸展肌肉来降温。

"Work off" means to get rid of stress, emotions, energy, or even food by doing physical activity.
“Work off”是指通过进行体育锻炼来摆脱压力、情绪、能量甚至食物。
 
I need to work off that apple pie I had at Thanksgiving. Let's go to the gym!
我需要把感恩节吃的那个苹果派吃掉。我们去健身房吧！
 
I had such a stressful day at work, I can't wait to work that off at dance class tonight!
我今天的工作压力很大，我迫不及待地想今晚在舞蹈课上锻炼一下！
 
"Try out (for)" means you compete for a spot on a team.
“试试（为了)" 意味着您在团队中竞争一个位置。
 
Tatiana tried out for the football team in August. She will play her first game this weekend!
八月份，塔蒂亚娜 (Tatiana) 为足球队试训。她将在本周末参加她的第一场比赛！
 
"Pass out" means you feel sick and fall down or faint.
“昏倒”意味着你感到恶心，摔倒或晕倒。
 
If I don't drink enough water before I do an intense workout, I always feel like I'm going to pass out.
如果我在喝之前没有喝足够的水一次高强度的锻炼，我总觉得自己快要晕倒了。
 
She passed out near the end of the finish line because she was dehydrated.
她在接近终点线时晕​​倒了，因为她脱水了。
 
"Give up" means that you stop what you are doing and do not continue.
“放弃吧”的意思是你停止你正在做的事情，不再继续。
 
He had to give up playing basketball last year after he hurt his knee.
他去年因为膝盖受伤不得不放弃打篮球。
 
Gerunds
动名词
 
Gerunds are formed from verbs, but they work like a noun in a sentence. We use the ending -ing to create a gerund. Gerunds express actions or states of being. There are several gerunds that we use to express kinds of exercise.
动名词由动词构成，但它们在句子中的作用类似于名词。我们使用词尾 -ing 来创建动名词。动名词表示行为或存在状态。我们用几种动名词来表达各种运动。
 
For example, "walking" is a gerund.
例如，“walking”是动名词。

We take the base form of the verb and add -ing.
我们采用动词的基本形式并添加 -荷兰国际集团
 
Walk + ending -ing = walking
 
Walking is one of the best activities for your health.
步行是最有益健康的活动之一。
 
Other common gerunds for working out include:
其他常见的锻炼动名词包括：
 
"Jogging" is like running but with an easier pace.
“慢跑”就像跑步，但步伐更轻松。
 
Tyler enjoys jogging on the weekends.
泰勒喜欢在周末慢跑。
 
"Running" is faster and there may be more purpose behind it, like planning for a race.
“跑步”速度更快，背后可能有更多目的，例如为比赛做计划。
 
Running a marathon is very hard work.
跑马拉松是一项非常艰苦的工作。
 
"Lifting" refers to a form of strength exercise where one lifts heavy weights with their muscles.
“举重”是指一种力量锻炼形式，人们用肌肉举起重物。
 
Taylor started lifting weights last year.
泰勒去年开始举重。
 
"Dancing" is moving the body to music.
“跳舞”是让身体跟着音乐动起来。
 
She loves dancing because it's creative and gets her heart rate up.
她喜欢跳舞，因为它有创意，还能让她心跳加速。
 
"Training" involves doing exercise in preparation for an event or goal.
“训练”包括为活动做准备的运动或目标。
 
Jo not only does strength training, but she also trains in dance.
Jo不仅进行力量训练，还训练舞蹈。
 
"Spinning" is indoor bicycling.
“动感单车”是室内自行车运动。
 
There's spinning at this gym.
有动感单车在这个健身房。
 
Practice
练习
 
Let's combine the phrasal verbs and gerunds to create sentences for describing exercise activities.
让我们结合短语动词和动名词造句来描述运动活动。
 
For example, you could say:
例如，你可以说：
 
I warm up by dancing.
我热身
 
Here I use the preposition "by" to tell the means of how I warm up.
这里我用介词“by”来表达我热身的方式。
 
You could also say:
你也可以说：
 
Dancing warms me up.
跳舞让我暖和起来。
 
Here the phrasal verb is split up by the personal pronoun "me."
这里的短语动词被人称代词“我”分开。

Final thoughts
最后的想法
 
Today we looked at common expressions for exercise. We can use phrasal verbs like "work out" and "cool down" to describe our actions. We use a base verb plus a preposition to create a phrasal verb which can be divided by either a noun or pronoun.
今天我们看看常见的表达方式来练习。我们可以使用“work out”和“cool down”这样的短语动词来描述我们的行为。我们使用一个基本动词加上一个介词来创建一个可以被名词或代词分开的短语动词。
 
Another verb-like structure we examined are gerunds. Gerunds work like nouns in sentences but are formed by placing the ing-ending on verbs. Since gerunds describe actions, they are perfect for describing exercises that we do to stay happy and healthy.
我们检查的另一个类似动词的结构是动名词。动名词在句子中的作用类似于名词，但它是通过将 ing 词尾放在动词上形成的。由于动名词描述的是行动，因此它们非常适合描述我们为保持快乐和健康而进行的锻炼。

Let's end this report with some homework.
让我们以一些家庭作业结束本报告。
 
Are there any other phrasal verbs or gerunds that you use to describe exercise?
还有其他短语动词吗还是你用来描述运动的动名词？
 
Use phrasal verbs or gerunds to describe how you exercise. Try to combine both to create a sentence!
 
使用短语动词或动名词来描述您的锻炼方式。尝试将两者结合起来造句！
Share your results in the comments!
在评论中分享您的结果！