飓风是如何命名的

Before the 1940s, only the worst storms were given names, usually based on the place or time of year they made landfall: There was the Sea Islands Hurricane of 1893, the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900, the Miami Hurricane of 1926 and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, to name a few. Scientists and forecasters often assigned unofficial numbers to tropical cyclones — Tropical Storm One, Hurricane Two, etc. — but the practice of using more memorable and relatable names didn't begin until 1950.

在20世纪40年代之前,只有最严重的风暴有名字,通常基于它们登陆的地点或时间:1893年的海洋岛屿飓风,1990年的加尔维斯顿飓风,1926年的迈阿密飓风和1935年的劳动节飓风,等等。科学家和气象预报员经常给热带气旋(热带风暴1号、飓风2号等)分配非官方的数字，但使用更容易记住和联系的名字的做法直到1950年才开始。

The first hurricane names were often inspired by forecasters' wives, but in 1979 men's names were added to the mix. The WMO now oversees the master list of names, which alternates between male and female; six lists are rotated annually in the Atlantic, so the 2015 names will be used again in 2021. But when a cyclone is bad enough, its name can be retired to honor victims and survivors. Seventy-eight Atlantic hurricane names have been retired since 1954, including 29 since 2000. Among the most infamous retired hurricane names are Audrey (1957), Betsy (1965), Camille (1969), Hugo (1989), Andrew (1992), Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012).

第一个飓风的名字通常是受天气预报员妻子的启发，但在1979年，男人们的名字也被加入其中。世界气象组织现在负责监督男女交替使用的姓名总表;在大西洋地区，每年有六份名单轮换使用，所以2015年的名单将在2021年再次使用。但是当飓风的破坏力足够大时，它的名字就可以被用来纪念受害者和幸存者。自1954年以来，已有78个大西洋飓风的名字被取消，其中包括自2000年以来的29个。最臭名昭著的不再使用的飓风名字包括奥黛丽(1957)、贝琪(1965)、卡米拉(1969)、雨果(1989)、安德鲁(1992)、伊万(2004)、卡特里娜(2005)、艾克(2008)、艾琳(2011)和桑迪(2012)。

Hurricane Isabel churns below the International Space Station in 2003. (Photo: NASA)

Here are the names for the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June 1 to Nov. 30, according to the National Hurricane Center (NHC).

根据国家飓风中心(NHC)的数据，2019年大西洋飓风季将从6月1日持续到11月30日。

The season for tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean is generally the same, although it officially begins May 15 in the Eastern Pacific. Naming Pacific cyclones is often more complex than in the Atlantic, with different lists for the Eastern, Central and Western Pacific, as well as for Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the North Indian Ocean and the Southwest Indian Ocean.

太平洋的热带气旋季节大致相同，虽然5月15日在东太平洋正式开始。太平洋气旋的命名通常比大西洋更为复杂，东太平洋、中太平洋和西太平洋、澳大利亚、斐济、巴布亚新几内亚、菲律宾、北印度洋和西南印度洋都有不同的名称。