关于聚会和酒吧的风险该知道些什么

Wanting to get together with friends and family to celebrate this holiday weekend but nervous about the coronavirus?

想要和朋友家人一起庆祝这个周末，但又对冠状病毒感到紧张?

With new infections climbing in most states, infectious disease experts discourage group get-togethers, especially one that involves drinking.

随着新感染病例在美国大多数州不断攀升，传染病专家们不鼓励集体聚会，尤其是涉及饮酒的聚会。

Socializing in large groups, sometimes in tight spaces and drinking, which lowers inhibitions and makes it less likely they'll follow pandemic precautions like wearing masks and practicing good hygiene. Plus party-goers talking loudly, which only increases the chance of spraying virus-laden particles on other guests, especially indoors.

在大群体中进行社交活动，有时在狭小的空间内饮酒，这会降低人们的抑制力，让他们不太可能遵循流行病的预防措施，比如戴口罩和保持良好的卫生习惯。再加上参加派对的人大声喧哗，这只会增加向其他客人喷洒病毒颗粒的机会，尤其是在室内。

It's really hard to wear a mask in a bar. It's hard to stay six feet apart. It's hard to constantly wash your hands and not touch surfaces other people have touched.

在酒吧真的很难戴口罩。很难保持六英尺的距离。经常洗手，不去接触别人接触过的表面是很难的。

If you or those you live with are high risk, it's probably best to sit out any situation where you will be drinking in a group. If you are planning to go out — or to host a shindig — read on for advice to stay safe.

如果你或者那些和你住在一起的人是高危人群，那么最好不要去任何你要和一群人一起喝酒的地方。如果你打算外出或者举办一场舞会，请阅读下面的建议，以确保安全。

Stay outside, but don't let that make you cavalier

呆在外面，但别因为呆在外面就漫不经心

First, a backyard barbecue is much better than a crowded indoor party.

首先，后院烧烤比拥挤的室内派对要好得多。

"Outside activities, you are definitely safer than inside activities," says Dr. Nate Smith, president of the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials. "There are a lot of things that can be done outdoors safely."

“在户外活动，你肯定比在室内活动更安全，”国家和地区卫生官员协会主席内特·史密斯博士说。“有很多事情可以安全地在户外进行。”

Research shows the chance of catching the virus goes down significantly when you're outdoors.

研究表明，当你在户外时，感染病毒的几率会大大降低。

"You get better dilution with air movement in the outdoors. Sunlight is a good inactivator of the virus," says Scott Meschke, a professor of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences at the University of Washington.

“户外的空气流动能更好地稀释空气。阳光是一种很好的病毒灭活剂，”华盛顿大学环境和职业健康科学教授斯科特·买斯克说。

But that still doesn't mean you should forego precautions like wearing masks and social distancing.

但这并不意味着你应该放弃戴口罩和保持社交距离等预防措施。

"If people are outdoors and congregating together, without masks right next to each other, shoulder to shoulder, then they are still at risk," says Dr. Rachel Levine, Pennsylvania's health secretary.

宾夕法尼亚州卫生部长雷切尔·莱文博士说:“如果人们在户外聚集在一起，没有戴口罩，肩并肩，那么他们仍然处于危险之中。”

Monitor your personal air space

监控你的私人空间

Speaking generates a cloud of tiny particles that can reach another person if you are near each other, especially if someone isn't wearing a mask.

说话时会产生一团细小的微粒，如果你们离得很近，特别是当有人没有戴口罩时，这些微粒就能接触到其他人。

"If we're close together, you're inhaling a very concentrated cloud. And in that situation, I think you're getting a pretty significant dose in your respiratory system," says Dr. Richard Corsi, Dean of Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science at Portland State University.

“如果我们靠得很近，你吸入的是非常浓缩的云颗粒。波特兰州立大学马瑟工程与计算机科学学院院长理查德·科西博士说：“在这种情况下，我认为你的呼吸系统吸入了相当大的剂量。”

Scientists don't yet understand what "dose" of the virus leads to someone becoming infected and then developing COVID-19. That depends on a variety of factors like the amount of time you spend in a space with the virus, the concentration of infectious virus in the air and how heavily you are breathing, among other things.

科学家们还不清楚究竟是多少“剂量”的病毒会导致某人感染并发展成COVID-19。这取决于多种因素，比如你在一个空间与病毒呆在一起的时间，空气中传染性病毒的浓度，以及你呼吸的程度等等。

Indoors? Pay attention to ventilation

在室内吗?注意通风

Indoor gatherings pose a higher risk because it's generally harder to avoid close interactions, and there isn't as much air flow, either.

室内聚会的风险更高，因为一般情况下，避免亲密接触比较困难，而且室内的空气流通性不强。

Spaces without good ventilation can have tiny aerosolized particles hanging in the room and possibly infecting people. Corsi says it's not yet clear exactly how much of a role this plays in spreading infection, but there's growing evidence it can be significant.

没有良好通风的空间可能会有微小的悬浮颗粒悬浮在房间里，可能会感染人。科西说，目前还不清楚这种病毒在传播感染中究竟起到了多大的作用，但越来越多的证据表明它(在感染病毒方面)可能是重要的。