①. 英文先结果,后原因。
因为我爱他而不是恨他,所以我才会批评他。
I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him.
也许校园生活并非总像想象中的那样,所以很多学生才会感到失落。
Many students feel lost because campus life is not always what they imagined.
②.英文先结论,后叙事
经过多年的努力,我们终于解决了这个难题。
We have solved the problem after many years’ hard work.
③. 英语先表态,后叙事
是什么导致了人的犯罪,我们还不能确定。
We are still not sure what causes people to commit a crime
死记硬背有很多的局限性,这一点我们必须承认。
We should admit that rote learning has a number of limitations.
3.英语多替换,汉语多重复
由于英文重形合,所以通过各种形合手段将比较大量的信息连接在一个句子里,联系紧密,逻辑分明。这种情况下,其代词所指往往比较明确而不易混淆,因此,为了避免单调乏味,英文句子常常采用替换、省略等方式来变换同一个词的表达。而中文则相反,由于汉语主要考意合,考隐含的逻辑贯穿全句,因此为了保持句子的“形散神不散”,就需要通过重复的手段来增强凝聚力,保持读者的注意力。所以,汉语往往不使用同义词等替代手段,因为那样会使得精力分散。如,用代词替代:
他讨厌失败,他一生曾战胜失败,超越失败,并且蔑视别人的失败。
He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
而不会写成:
He hated failure, he had conquered the failure all his life, risen above the failure, despised the failure in others.