| 语法项目 | 构 成 | 用 法 | 象 征 词 | 规则变化 | 不规则变化 | 例 句 |
| 一般现在时 | 动词用原形 三人称单数-s / es |
表示经常性的 动作或状态 |
Every often always on 天 in月、季、节、年。 | 一般-s –es 辅音＋y---ies | have----has |
He goes to school every day. I often have lunch at home. |
| 一般过去时 | 动词用过去时 Be—was/ were |
表过去某个、段时间内动作及状态 | ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 | 一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ied | go-went come-came do-did leave-left等 |
He wrote a letter yesterday. I studied hard last year. |
| 一般将来时 | be going to＋V原 will / shall + V原 |
在将来某个时间或 某段时要做的事 |
tomorrow / after next / tonight in 2010 |
|
Go come leave stay fly等用进行表将来 |
Are you going to read ? He is coming tomorrow . |
| 现在进行时 | be＋doing | 表此时此刻正进行的动作或状态 | listen look now all the time Don’t… |
一般去e 双写 +ing |
tie die lie – 变ie为y加ing |
Tom is writing now . They are lying on the bed . |
| 现在完成时 现在完成进行 |
have / has +PP have/has been+doing |
发生在过去影响在现在的动作或状态等 | 含糊的频率副词 already just never ever | 分词规则的同过去式是一样的 | 不规则的动词的过去分词需逐个记忆 | I have been teaching for 8 years. He has slept for two days. |
| .过去进行时 | was / were +doing 多用于复合句中 |
表在过去某时间正在进行的动作 | at this time yesterday last Sunday evening |
一般去e 双写 +ing |
tie die lie – 变ie为y加ing |
He was reading at that time last Friday |
| 过去完成时 | had+动过去分词 多用于复合句中 |
该动作发生在过去的过去 | by the time＋过去时 when after before |
规则的分词构成与过去时一样的 | 需要逐个记忆 详见不规则动词表 |
We had learnt 2000 words by the end of last year. |
| 过去将来时 | would + V 原形 多用宾语从句中 |
过去看来将要发生的动作或状态 | He said that he… the next day . | He said that he would come here the next day . | ||
| 比较级形式 形容副词名词 |
后--er 前加more 名词比较用more |
表示两个人、物 之间进行比较时 |
than /much/ a little far / in the two 等 |
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－ier | good/well —better much/many—more |
She is the tall in the two. He runs faster than Tom . |
| 最高级形式 形容副词名词 |
后-est 前加most 名词比较用most |
大于等于三个人、物之间进行比较 | in the ＋比较范围 of the 具体的数字 |
一般/去e 双写/辅＋y结尾－iest | bad/ill/badly-worst far-farther-farthest |
She is the most beautiful in her class.(最高级加the) |
| 动词不定式 to do没有人称和数的变化 |
作主语 To read is helpful for anybody now . |
作宾语 He wants to buy a dictionary. |
作宾补 I hear him sing yesterday Tom told me to open it. |
作表语 His job is to take care of children . |
作状语 He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow . |
作定语 He has much homework to do every day . |
| 主从复合句 | 状语从句 句子作状语 （时间地点原因条件让步比较） He was writing a letter when I came in。 |
宾语从句 句子作宾语（语序、时态、引导词、客观事实） He asked me if I had been to Beijing before. |
定语从句 句子作定语（修饰名词或代词的句子、注意先行词） I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday |
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| 主动结构 与 被动结构 |
主动语态：主语（人、物）+ 谓语 + 宾语 动作执行者 + 及物动词 + 动作承受者 被动语态：主语（人、物）+be PP + by宾语 动作承受者 + be PP + by动作执行者 在被动语态中没有可以省to 的不定式 |
We speak English . 主语 谓语 宾语 English is spoken by us 宾改主 谓语动词 be PP 主by 宾 |
主动变被动，先找主、谓、宾，宾改主、主by宾，代词变格要细心，谓语动词be pp,时态随主、数随被 PP 是及物动词的过去分词加ed 或不规则详见表 被动句的时态（be）随主动句的时态（do）人称和数应随被动句的主语(am、is、are、was、were等 ) |
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初中英语语法总结一览表
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