But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. “In Japan,” says educator Yoko Muro, “it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure.” With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two-generation households.

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　　但是，这也许与日本人的生活方式关系更大。教育家木野洋子说，“在日本，你是否喜欢自己的工作和生活从来不是问题，问题仅仅是你能承受多大的负荷。”随着经济的发展，居住集中化也随之而来，在日本一亿一千九百万人当中，足有76%的人生活在城市，社区和几世同堂的大家庭已经成为过去，取而代之的是单门独户的两代之家。