预防冠状病毒的5种方法
As the coronavirus spreads around the globe, there are steps you can take to protect yourself and your family.
随着冠状病毒在全球传播，你可以采取一些措施来保护你自己和你的家人。
"I told my children that while I didn't think that they were at risk right now, we, as a family, need to be preparing for significant disruption of our lives," says Dr. Nancy Messonnier of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
美国疾病控制与预防中心的南希·梅索尼耶博士说:“我告诉孩子们，虽然我不认为他们现在处于危险之中，但作为一个家庭，我们需要为生活受到的重大干扰做好准备。”
Currently, if you live in the U.S. the risk of getting the virus remains very low, but public health officials say there will likely be outbreaks in the United States. So this is a good time to review your emergency game plan.
目前，如果你生活在美国，感染病毒的风险仍然很低，但公共卫生官员说，美国很可能会爆发疫情。所以现在是重新审视你的应急计划的好时机。
Here's what you need to know to make good decisions to plan, prepare and even prevent the spread of the disease.
以下是你需要知道的，以便做出正确的决定来计划、准备甚至预防疾病的传播。
1. This virus is contagious, but so far it's not as deadly as other outbreaks
这种病毒具有传染性，但到目前为止，它还不像其他疫情那样致命
In China, more than three-quarters of the cases have been classified as mild. Symptoms include low-grade fever and a cough. Some people also experience fatigue, headaches and, less frequently, diarrhea.
在中国，超过四分之三的病例被归为轻度。症状包括低烧和咳嗽。有些人还会感到疲劳、头痛，偶尔还会腹泻。
Overall, the death rate in China is estimated at 2%, and the average age of death among those with COVID-19 is in the 70s. People with underlying medical problems, and particularly smokers, seem to be at higher risk.
总体而言，中国的死亡率估计为2%，而COVID-19患者的平均死亡年龄在70多岁。有潜在健康问题的人，尤其是吸烟者，似乎有更高的风险。
Compared to prior outbreaks of novel viruses, this coronavirus appears less deadly than other human coronaviruses that have spread in recent years. For instance, the death rate was about 34% for MERS and about 10% for SARS.
与以前爆发的新型病毒相比，这种冠状病毒的致死率似乎低于近年来传播的其他人类冠状病毒。例如，中东呼吸综合症患者的死亡率约为34%，而非典型肺炎患者的死亡率约为10%。
The flu causes more than 12.000 deaths a year in the U.S. An annual vaccine is the most effective way to prevent flu, but there are other strategies to prevent it. So far, there's no vaccine against the new coronavirus, but some of the same strategies to prevent flu can also protect against coronavirus.
在美国，每年有超过12000人死于流感。每年注射疫苗是预防流感最有效的方法，但也有其他的预防策略。到目前为止，还没有针对这种新型冠状病毒的疫苗，但是一些相同的预防流感的策略也可以预防冠状病毒。
2. To fend off coronavirus, follow flu prevention tips
要预防冠状病毒，请遵循流感预防提示
The top tip: Wash your hands. Why? Viruses can spread from person to person via respiratory droplets. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, close contacts can be infected. In addition, the virus can end up on doorknobs, elevator buttons and other surfaces. If you touch those surfaces and then touch your eyes, nose or mouth, you can become infected.
最重要的一点:洗手。为什么?病毒可以通过呼吸道飞沫在人与人之间传播。当感染者咳嗽或打喷嚏时，密切接触者也可能被感染。此外，病毒还会附着在门把手、电梯按钮和其他物体表面。如果你接触这些表面，然后再接触你的眼睛、鼻子或嘴巴，你就会被感染。
This is why it's important to wash rigorously. Here's the CDC's guidance. "Wash your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after going to the bathroom; before eating; and after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing."
这就是为什么严格清洗很重要的原因。这是CDC的指导。“经常用肥皂和水洗手，至少20秒，特别是在上厕所之后;在吃之前;还有擤鼻涕、咳嗽或打喷嚏之后。”
Here are five more things to remember, per the CDC:
根据疾病预防控制中心的说法，还有五件事需要记住:
Avoid close contact with people who are sick.
避免与病人密切接触。
Avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth.
避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。
Stay home when you are sick.
生病时呆在家里。
Cover your cough or sneeze with a tissue, then throw the tissue in the trash.
用纸巾盖住你的咳嗽或打喷嚏，然后把纸巾扔到垃圾桶里。
Clean and disinfect frequently touched objects and surfaces using a regular household cleaning spray or wipe.
经常接触的物件和表面，应使用定期的家居清洁喷雾或清洁布清洁和消毒。
3. Don't panic — start to prepare
不要惊慌，开始准备吧
"This is not the time to panic, but it is a time to prepare — good preparedness planning for your family," says Katz.
“这不是恐慌的时候，但这是准备的时候，为你的家人做好准备计划，”卡茨说。
Think about the threat of a possible outbreak in your community the way you'd think about a big snowstorm or a hurricane. If it never hits, great. But if it does, you'll be glad you prepared.
想象一下你的社区可能爆发疫情的威胁，就像你想象一场大暴风雪或飓风一样。如果没有爆发，很好。但如果是这样，你会很高兴自己有所准备。
Don't hoard, but do stock your cupboards with some extra food and cleaning supplies. Each time you grocery shop, buy a few extra items. Shelf-stable foods such as beans and rice are good options. Also, utilize your freezer to preserve foods, everything from meats and vegetables to cooked grains and bread. Think about having enough on hand to last a few weeks.
不要囤积，但一定要在你的橱柜里多放一些食物和清洁用品。每次你去杂货店时，多买几样东西。耐储存的食物如豆类和大米是很好的选择。还有，利用你的冰箱来保存食物，从肉类、蔬菜到煮熟的谷物和面包。考虑一下手头是否有足够的钱维持几个星期。
Check the medicine cabinet to ensure you have basic medications such as aspirin or ibuprofen.
检查药箱，确保你有阿司匹林或布洛芬等基本药物。
Think about a backup plan if schools were to close during an outbreak.
如果学校在疫情爆发时关闭，想想后备计划。
If you take a daily prescription medication, have as much of a supply on hand as possible.
如果你每天服用处方药，要尽可能多的储备。
Ask your employer about a work-from-home option.
向你的雇主询问在家工作。
4. The uncertainty of masks to prevent illness
口罩预防疾病的不确定性
Overall, there's not conclusive evidence that wearing a face mask can help prevent being infected by the virus. And public health officials give mixed messages about usefulness for the general public. As we've reported, masks may not fit the face tightly, so you're still able to breathe in infected droplets.
总的来说，没有确凿的证据表明戴口罩可以帮助预防病毒感染。公共卫生官员对口罩对公众的有用性也给出了不同的信息。正如我们所报道的，口罩可能无法紧贴面部，所以你仍然可以吸入受感染的飞沫。
And experts worry that masks can give a false sense of security.
专家们担心面具会给人一种虚假的安全感。
Health care providers are trained to use masks properly, and there's evidence that they're effective in clinical settings. For people at home, the CDC recommends using masks in certain situations. For instance, if you're caring for an infected person at home, the proper use of masks can protect the caregiver.
卫生保健提供者接受过正确使用口罩的培训，有证据表明它们在临床环境中是有效的。对于家里的人，疾控中心建议在某些情况下使用口罩。例如，如果你在家照顾一个感染者，正确使用口罩可以保护照顾者。
5. Be smart about travel
明智地对待旅行
The CDC updates its travel advisory information frequently. The federal government uses a four-level scale to rank risk. Level 1 equals the lowest risk, and Level 4. the highest.
疾控中心经常更新其旅游信息。联邦政府使用一个四级量表来对风险进行分级。级别1表示风险最低，级别4表示风险最高。
For parts of Italy, where there's been sustained spread of the novel coronavirus, there's now a Level 4 alert. The CDC advises that older adults and those with chronic medical conditions should consider postponing nonessential travel. "Travelers should avoid contact with sick people and clean their hands often by washing with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or using an alcohol-based hand sanitizer with 60%-95% alcohol."
在意大利部分地区，新型冠状病毒持续传播，现在已经达到四级警戒。美国疾病控制与预防中心建议，老年人和慢性病患者应该考虑推迟不必要的旅行。“旅行者应避免与病人接触，经常洗手，用肥皂和水洗手至少20秒，或使用含60%-95%酒精的酒精洗手液。”
