民调：近五分之一的家庭因大流行而失业

The coronavirus pandemic has already started to hit American pocketbooks, with nearly 1 in 5 households experiencing a layoff or a reduction in work hours, according to a new NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll.

据美国国家公共广播公司(NPR/PBS)新闻一小时/马里斯特(Marist)最新民调显示，冠状病毒大流行已经开始影响美国的钱包，近五分之一的家庭遭遇裁员或工时减少。

As people stay home, avoid crowds and cancel plans to avoid spreading the disease, it's rapidly causing a contraction in economic activity that is hurting a wide range of businesses.

由于人们呆在家里，避开人群，并取消了避免疾病传播的计划，它正在迅速导致经济活动的收缩，这损害了广泛的企业。

Restaurants, bars, hotels and airlines are among the hardest-hit industries, but the ripple effects of the drop in demand are expected to spread across virtually the entire economy.

餐馆、酒吧、酒店和航空公司是受影响最严重的行业，但需求下降的连锁反应预计将蔓延到整个经济领域。

As of March 13-14. when the new poll was conducted, layoffs and reduced hours had already hit 18% of U.S. households.

截至3月13日至14日进行新的调查时，裁员和工时减少已经影响到18%的美国家庭。

Lower-income workers were the most affected: A quarter of households making less than $50.000 had experienced cut hours or a job loss.

低收入工人受到的影响最大:收入低于5万美元的家庭中，有四分之一曾经历过工时减少或失业。

And even those who haven't lost work because of the coronavirus are often working differently because of the pandemic.

即便是那些没有因为冠状病毒而失业的人，也常常因为大流行而改变工作方式。

A third of American households have had at least one person change their work routine because of the coronavirus. College graduates (43%) were more likely to experience this shift than nongraduates (25%).

三分之一的美国家庭至少有一个人因为冠状病毒而改变了他们的工作日程。大学毕业生(43%)比非大学毕业生(25%)更有可能经历这种转变。

Many businesses have allowed or instructed people to work from home to reduce their exposure to the virus. But many jobs, particularly blue-collar and service or retail jobs, cannot be done remotely.

许多企业已经允许或指示人们在家工作，以减少与病毒的接触。但许多工作，尤其是蓝领和服务业或零售业的工作，无法远程完成。