在高中英语语法中,主语与谓语动词之间的一致性(Subject-Verb Agreement)是构建正确句子结构的基础。然而,在处理复合主语(即两个或两个以上的名词或代词作为句子主语)时,我们常会遇到两种特殊情况:就近原则(Principle of Proximity)和就远原则(Principle of Distance)。
一、就近原则
1.定义
就近原则是指当复合主语由连词“or”、“either...or...”、“neither...nor...”等连接时,谓语动词的形式应与离它最近的那个主语保持一致。
2.示例
·Either you or I am wrong.
·Neither John nor Mary likes coffee.
3.填空题及解析:
1.Either you or I _______ (be) wrong.
答案:am
解析:根据就近原则,谓语动词“be”的形式应与离它最近的“I”保持一致,因此用第一人称单数现在时“am”。
2.Neither he nor his parents _______ (have) seen the movie.
答案:have
解析:同样遵循就近原则,谓语动词“have”与离它最近的“his parents”保持一致,用复数形式“have”。
二、就远原则
1.定义
就远原则较为特殊,常见于“as well as”、“rather than”、“together with”、“along with”、“with”、“in addition to”等介词短语连接主语时,谓语动词的形式应与介词短语前的那个主语保持一致。
2.示例
· The teacher, as well as the students, enjoys the trip.
· John, together with his friends, goes to the park every weekend.
3.填空题及解析:
1.The teacher, as well as the students, _______ (enjoy) the trip.
答案:enjoys
解析:根据就远原则,尽管“as well as the students”表明还有其他参与者,但谓语动词“enjoy”仍与“The teacher”保持一致,用单数形式“enjoys”。
2.My brother, with his classmates, _______ (play) basketball after school.
答案:plays
解析:“with his classmates”是介词短语,不影响主语“My brother”与谓语动词“play”之间的一致性,因此用第三人称单数现在时“plays”。
3.Not only the children but also their parents _______ (want) to go to the zoo.
答案:want
解析:尽管“not only the children”在前,但谓语动词“want”仍与“their parents”保持一致,用复数形式“want”。然而,此题更多考察的是对特殊结构的理解,而非严格意义上的就远原则。
掌握就近原则与就远原则,是学习高中英语语法中主语一致性的重要一步。通过理解这些原则背后的逻辑,并在实际应用中不断练习,你将能够更准确地构建英语句子,提升你的语言表达能力。您也可以访问网站主页,获取最新的英语学习资料,全方位提升英语水平。