【2001年6月真题】
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.[A]Why people hold back their tears.[B]Why people cry.
[C]How to restrain one's tears.[D]How tears are produced.
15.[A]What chemicals tears are composed of.
[B]Whether crying really helps us feel better.
[C]Why some people tend to cry more often than others.
[D]How tears help people cope with emotional problems.
16.[A]Only one out of four girls cries less often than boys.
[B]Of four boys,only one cries very often.
[C]Girls cry four times as often as boys.
[D]Only one out of four babies doesn't cry often.
17.[A]Only humans respond to emotions by shedding tears.
[B]Only humans shed tears to get rid of irritating stuff in their eyes.
[C]Only human tears can resist the invading bacteria.
[D]Only human tears can discharge certain chemicals.
【2001年6月真题解析】
原文:
Passage Two
Why do we cry? 【第14题答案位置】Can you imagine life without tears? Not only do tears keep your eyes lubricated,they also contain a substance that kills certain bacteria so they can't infect your eyes.Give up your tears,and you'll lose this on?the?spot defense.Nobody wants to give up the flood of extra tears you produce when you get something physical or chemical in your eyes.Tears are very good at washing this irritating stuff out.Another thing you couldn't do without your tears is cry from joy,anger,or sadness.Humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotions.【第17题答案位置】And most people say a good cry makes them feel better.Many scientists,therefore,believe that crying somehow helps us cope with emotional situations.【第15题答案位置】Tear researcher,William Fred,is trying to figure out how it happens.“One possibility”,he says,“is that tears discharge certain chemicals from your body,chemicals that build up during stress.”When people talk about crying it out,“I think that actually might be what they are doing,”he says.
If Fred is right,what do you think would happen to people who restrain their tears? Boys,for example,cry only about a quarter as often as girls once they reach teenage years.【第16题答案位置】And we all cry a lot less now than we did as babies.Could it possibly be that we feel less stress? Maybe we found other ways to deal with it,or maybe we just feel embarrassed.
Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14.What's the topic discussed in this passage?
15.What is William Fred trying to find out?
16.What does the passage say about teenage boys and girls?
17.What's the difference between human beings and other animals when shedding tears?
译文:
我们为何而哭泣呢?你能想象没有眼泪的生活吗?眼泪不仅能保持眼睛湿润,而且泪水中还含有一种能够杀死某些细菌的物质,因此它能保护眼睛不受这些细菌的感染。放弃眼泪,你就会失去一种现成的防护方式。当一些物理或化学物质侵入眼睛时,没有人愿意放弃所能产生的额外泪水。泪水可以很好地将这种使人难受的物质排出。当你由于开心、生气和悲伤而哭泣时,泪水的另一项不可替代的功能便体现了出来。人类是唯一一种受情感影响会流泪的动物。而且大多数人称痛快地哭一场能让自己感觉好一些。因此,许多科学家相信,在某种程度上哭泣能帮助我们处理情感问题。泪水研究员威廉·弗雷德正试图弄明白这种现象是如何发生的。他解释道:“泪水能排出身体承受压力时积聚的某种化学物质,这可能是原因之一。每当人们说“哭出来吧”,“我认为或许这就是他们正在做的事情。”他说。
如果弗雷德是正确的,对于那些强忍泪水的人们来说,情况会怎么样?例如十几岁的男孩,他们哭泣的次数只相当于同龄女孩的四分之一。还有我们所有人现在哭泣的次数要远远少于婴幼儿时期。难道是因为我们面对的压力少了吗?或许我们找到了其他方式来应对压力,又或许我们仅仅是对哭泣感到难堪而已。
解析:
科普知识说明文。
14.B事实细节题。首句群出题。“Why do we cry?”即为该题答案,选项B.Why people cry.为原文的同义替换。
15.D事实细节题。因果关系出题,定位词为therefore。文中提到...crying somehow helps us cope with emotional situations.视听基本一致,结合同义替换,可知答案为D,其中tears对应原文中的crying,emotional problems对应原文中的emotional situations。
16.C事实细节题。需要抓住选项中的提示词boys,girls等。文中提到Boys,for example,cry only about a quarter as often as girls once they reach teenage years.由此可知十几岁的男孩子哭泣的次数只相当于同龄女孩的四分之一,也就是女孩子哭的次数是男孩子的四倍,答案为C。
17.A事实细节题。乱序。考查“最高级及特殊词定位”,即“only”。文中提到Humans are the only animals that produce tears in response to emotions.视听基本一致,结合同义替换,可知答案为A,其中respond to是原文中in response to的同义替换,而shedding tears是原文中的produce tears的同义替换。
