Becoming a Freethinker and a Scientist
When I was a fairly precocious young man
I became thoroughly impressed with the futility of the hopes
and strivings that chase most men restlessly through life.
Moreover, I soon discovered the cruelty of that chase,
which in those years was much more carefully covered up
by hypocrisy and glittering words than is the case today.
By the mere existence of his stomach
everyone was condemned to participate in that chase.
The stomach might well be satisfied by such participation,
but not man insofar as he is a thinking and feeling being.
As the first way out there was religion,
which is implanted into every child
by way of the traditional education-machine.
Thus I came through the child of entirely
irreligious (Jewish) parents to a deep religiousness,
which, however, reached an abrupt end at the age of twelve.
Through the reading of popular scientific books
I soon reached the conviction that
much in the stories of the Bible could not be true.
The consequence was a positively fanatic orgy
of freethinking coupled with the impression
that youth is intentionally being deceived
by the state through lies; it was a crushing impression.
Mistrust of every kind of authority
grew out of this experience,
a skeptical attitude toward the convictions
that were alive in any specific social environment-
an attitude that has never again left me, even though,
later on, it has been tempered by a better insight
into the causal connections.
It is quite clear to me that the religious paradise of youth,
which was thus lost, was a first attempt to
free myself from the chains of the “merely personal”,
from an existence dominated by wishes, hopes,
and primitive feelings.
Out yonder there was this huge world,
which exists independently of us human beings
and which stands before us like a great,
eternal riddle, at least partially accessible to
our inspection and thinking.
The contemplation of this world beckoned as a liberation,
and I soon noticed that many a man
whom I had learned to esteem and to admire
had found inner freedom and security in its pursuit.
The mental grasp of this extra-personal world
within the frame of our capabilities
presented itself to my mind, half consciously,
half unconsciously, as a supreme goal.
Similarly motivated men of the present and of the past,
as well as the insights they had achieved,
were the friends who could not be lost.
The road to this paradise was not as comfortable
and alluring as the road to the religious paradise;
but it has shown itself reliable,
and I have never regretted having chosen it.