主语从句长难句分类解析

1. That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.

【翻译演练】 　___________________________

【参考译文】 　所有砍伐的木材有多达四分之一没有被利用，结果证明这是错误的。

【结构分析】 　( That as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used) proved to be false.句子的主干是：That引导名词从句作主语，谓语动词是proved，to be false是不定式作表语；在主语从句中，主语是timber，as much as one-fourth of all是主语timber的前置定语，harvested是timber的后置定语，谓语是is not used；此句中that引导的名词性从句置于句首，表面上看头重脚轻，实际上这是一种语言修辞，是一种强调手段。

【词汇精记】 　as much as 多达；timber 木材；harvest 收割，收获；prove to be 结果证明是。

2. Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.

【翻译演练】 　__________________________

【参考译文】 　政府究竟是应减少对技术经费的投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动力量。

【结构分析】 　句子主干结构是： whether the Government...or vice versa depends on the issue (of which...)；whether引导名词性从句作句子的主语，谓语是动词短语depends on，宾语是the issue，其后面的of which...是介词短语作the issue的后置定语。值得注意的是在of后面，which引导的是名词性从句，作介词of的宾语（即宾语从句）。故此句有两个名词性从句，whether和which各引导一个，分别作句子主语和介词宾语。

【词汇精记】 　此处的finance因为有-ing结尾，故是动词用法，意为“财政支持”，不能简单地理解为名词词义“财政”；pure 纯粹的；pure science 纯科学；expense 消费，花费；at the expense of（相当于at the price/cost of）以……为代价；drive 驱赶，驱动；the driving force 动力，驱动力量。

3. Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.

【翻译演练】 　_________________________________

【参考译文】 　有组织野营活动的显著增长是否意味着较独立野营活动的消亡还很难说。

【结构分析】 　( Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind ) is hard to say.括号中whether引导的名词性从句是此句的主语，谓语是系动词is，hard是表语，to say是状语；括号中的主语从句里，主语是growth，谓语动词是means，宾语是death，remarkable和of organized camping是从句主语growth的前、后置定语，eventual和of the more independent kind是从句宾语death的前、后置定语。

【词汇精记】 　remarkable 显著的，非同寻常的；growth 增长；camping 野营，露营；organized camping 有组织的野营；mean 意味着；eventual 最终的；independent 独立的。

4. It is also the argument of these sports executives that television is harming the modest teams.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________________

【参考译文】 　这些体育管理者还认为电视正在给那些低调球队带来伤害。

【结构分析】 　( It ) is also (the argument of these sports executives) ( that television is harming the modest teams).其中，it是形式主语，为避免句式结构的头重脚轻，代替了that主语从句，此句的正常句式结构应为(That television...) is also (the argument of...)。

【词汇精记】 　argument 主张，观点（在阅读中不要总机械地理解为“争执／争议”）；executive 行政人员，管理人员；modest 谦虚的，此处引申为“低调的”。

5. It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　二三十页资料的思想和情报会让当今的世界天翻地覆，甚至毁灭这个世界。这是个离奇的想法，不过我认为它是正确的。

【结构分析】 　 It is a strange thought, but (I believe) a correct one,// that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.此句中第一段是句子的主干，It是形式主语，代替that引导的名词性从句，谓语动词是is，表语是并列名词短语a strange thought but a correct one，括号里的I believe是插入语；在第二段that引导的主语从句里，twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information是从句主语，would be capable of是谓语部分，其后面的并列动名词短语turning...or even destroying...是从句的宾语。

【词汇精记】 　a strange thought 奇怪的想法；be capable of 能够；present-day 现在的，当今的；the present-day world 当今世界；turn...upside down 把……搞个天翻地覆。

6. While it's true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions.

【翻译演练】 　____________________________

【参考译文】 　尽管事实上我们都需要一个职业，但同样的事实是：我们的文明在那些被冷落的领域已经集聚了大量的知识，并且如果对这些领域的贡献加以学习研究，我们的生活将会更加美好。

【结构分析】 　本句主干结构为：While it 's true that ...,// it is equally true that ...and that ...；第一段中，while（相当于although）引导的是让步状语从句，从句里面it是形式主语，代替后面that引导的主语从句that we all need a career；第二段是主句，结构是形式主语it代替两个并列的that主语从句；在并列的第一个that从句中，far removed from our own是过去分词短语作fields的后置定语。

【词汇精记】 　career 事业；equally 同等地；civilization 文明；accumulate 积累，积聚；incredible 令人难以置信的；amount 数量（常用于不可数名词）；field 领域，田野；contribution 贡献（后常接介词to）；fields far removed from our own “我们生活中被删除的领域”，即“被我们冷落／疏远的领域”；while it's true that..., it's equally true that... 可提炼为写作句型“尽管事实上……但同样的事实是……”（例如：While it's true that he is not intelligent, it's equally true that he is very diligent. 尽管他不聪明是事实，但他相当勤奋，这亦是事实）。

7. It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries which we all make that we must decline in this way, that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually die of old age, and that this happens at a rate which differs little from person to person, so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　我们发现的最不愉快的事实之一就是：我们必然会这样老去；即使我们能避开战争、意外事故和各种疾病，我们也最终会寿终正寝；并且人与人之间的几率相差无几，我们最有可能死去的年龄在六十五至八十岁之间。

【结构分析】 　 It is one of the most unpleasant discoveries (which we all make) that we must decline in this way,// that if we escape wars, accidents and diseases we shall eventually die of old age,// and that this happens at a rate (which differs little from person to person), so that there are heavy odds in favor of our dying between the ages of sixty-five and eighty. 此句it是形式主语，代替后面三个并列的that名词性从句；which we all make是其前面discoveries的定语从句；第二个that从句是一个较复杂的复合句：if we escape wars, accidents and diseases是条件状语从句，后面we shall...才是主干；第三个that从句尤其复杂：主语this指代前一个that从句内容，happens是谓语动词，at a rate是方式状语，which differs little from person to person引导定语从句修饰rate，so that引导结果状语从句修饰动词happens，表示其结果。

【词汇精记】 　make a discovery 发现；decline 减弱；in this way 通过这一方式；escape 逃避，避免；eventually 最终；die of 死于（常为内因；外因用die from）；at a rate 以……几率；there are heavy odds in favor of...（句型）很有可能会……。

8. It is recounted of Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle's.

【翻译演练】 　_____________________________

【参考译文】 　据说Carlyle有过这样一回事：他听说朋友Henry病了，就立刻跑去看他，衣袋里装上了他妻子不舒服时吃剩下的一瓶药。

【结构分析】 　 It is recounted of Carlyle// that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying (with him) (in his pocket) what remained of a bottle of medicine (formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs Carlyle's).第一段是此句的主干，主语是形式主语It（指代后面真正的that主语从句），谓语动词是is recounted，of Carlyle是范围状语； 介词of此处是“关于”的意思，相当于about。难点在于that从句是一个结构相对复杂的复合句：when引导的从句（斜体部分）是时间状语从句，其中Henry是friend同位语；he went off immediately to visit him才是that从句的主干；紧随其后的carrying是went off的伴随状语，它的宾语是画线部分的what从句，因为长的缘故（避免头重脚轻）被后置，和carrying发生了分隔，而with him和in his pocket则分别是carrying的伴随和方式状语；最后面的formerly prescribed...是过去分词短语作其前面medicine的后置定语。

【词汇精记】 　recount 叙述，记载；hear of 听说；formerly 先前，从前；prescribe 开药方；indisposition 小恙，不舒服。