1.导致：v. cause, bring about, give rise to, lead to, generate, create,Be a contributing factor to
2.认为：v. point out, argue, claim, assert, think, consider
3.强调：v. emphasize, bring/call attention to, accentuate, heighten,strengthen
4.集中：v. focus on, concentrate on
5.解决：v. combat, address, tackle, resolve, solve
6.从事：v. carry out, conduct, perform
7.承认：v. concede, admit, acknowledge, accept, allow, grant
正向动词
1.支持：v. support, advocate, agree with
2.增加：v. increase, grow, rise, enlarge
n. increase, growth, rise,enlargement
3.改善：v. improve, enhance, upgrade, boost
n. improvement, enhancement, boom
4.扩张：v. expand, enlarge, extend, widen, broaden
n. expansion, enlargement,extension
5.提高：v. augment, increase, develop, intensify
n. augment, increase, development
6.发展：v. develop, advance, grow, evolve, flourish
n. development, advancement,growth, flourishing
7.产生：v. develop, come into being/existence, come about
8.获得：v. acquire, gain, get, obtain, attain
9.执行：v. implement, execute, put into effect, perform
n. implementation, performance
10.实现：v. achieve, fulfill, gain, accomplish, attain
n. achievement, accomplishment,attainment
11.开始：v. commence, begin, start
n. commencement, beginning,start
12. 促进：v. promote, further, advance, encourage, stimulate, foster
n. promotion, advancement
13.鼓励：v. stimulate, encourage, act as stimulus, motivate
n. encouragement, incentive,motivation
14.唤起：v. arouse, cause, induce, prompt, trigger, spark off
15.需要：v. call for, demand, require
16. 取代：v. replace, take the place of, substitute for
n. replacement, substitutionfor, in place of
17. 加快：v. accelerate, speed up, quicken
n. Acceleration, speeding up
18. 减轻：v. abate, lessen, reduce, alleviate, mitigate
n. abatement, lessening,alleviation, mitigation
19. 保护：v. protect, preserve, conserve
n. protection, preservation,conservation
20.保卫：v. safeguard, defend, shield
n. safeguard, defence, shelter
21. 建立：v. establish, set up, found, construct
n. establishment, foundation,construction
22. 遵守(规则，法律)：abide by, comply with, follow, respect, act in accordance with
23. 允许：v. allow, permit, give the means to, facilitate
托福写作必背同义词_负向动词
1.反对：v. object, raise objections, oppose
2.减少：v. decrease, lower, reduce, cut down
n. decrease, reduction, drop, decline
3. 耗尽：v. deplete, exhaust, use up
n. depletion, exhaustion, usingup,
4. 阻碍：v. hamper, hinder, obstruct, impede, inhibit
n. hindrance, obstruction,obstacle, impediment
5.限制：v. limit, curb, restrict, place a limit on
n. limit, restriction
6. 危及：v. endanger, imperil, jeopardize, put at risk
7. 衰败：v. deteriorate, degrade, degenerate, rot
n. deterioration, degeneration
8. 恶化：v. exacerbate, aggravate, worsen, inflame
n. exacerbation, aggravation,worsening
9. 加剧：v. intensify, escalate, sharpen, aggravate
n. escalation, intensification,aggravation
10.破坏：v. damage, destroy, ruin, devastate
n. damage, destruction, ruin,devastation
adj. devastating, destructive
11. 污染：v. pollute, contaminate
n. pollution, contamination
12. 败坏：v. pervert, corrupt, deprave, lead astray, debase
13.扭曲：v. distort, pervert, misrepresent, falsify, misstate, misreport
14.削弱：v. weaken, undermine, impair, invalidate
15. 干涉：v. interfere in/with, intervene in, impinge on/upon(侵犯)
n.interference/intervention/involvement in/with
16. 侵犯：v. encroach on/upon (time/rights/personal life)
n. encroachment on/upon =impinging on/upon
17. 与···相违背/相矛盾：run counter to = run contrary to
Contradict (each other)= conflict with =be at odds with sth
18.误解：v. misunderstand, misapprehend, misinterpret
n. misunderstanding,misapprehension, misinterpretation
19. 逃避：v. escape, break out, evade, elude
20.遭受：v. suffer from, be stricken with, be afflicted with
21.违反：v. violate, disobey, transgress, infringe
n. violation, infringement,contravention, breach
22. 忽视：v. lose sight of, ignore, neglect
23.疏远：v. alienate, isolate, become/get estranged from
n. alienation, isolation,estrangement
托福写作必背同义词_其他重要的同义词代换
1.大量的：enormous, massive, tremendous, considerable
2.重要的：significant, substantial, crucial, important
3.严重的：adj. severe, serious, acute, drastic
adv. severely, seriously,acutely, drastically
4. 有害的：adj. hazardous, dangerous, harmful
5. 贫穷的：adj. poor, poverty-stricken, destitute, impoverished
6. 富有的：adj. rich, wealthy, affluent
7. 差距：n. gap, disparity, divergence
8. 积极的：beneficial, advantageous
9.消极的：baneful, detrimental
10. 明显的：manifest, obvious, evident, apparent
11. 影响：impact, repercussion, effect, ramification
12. 人类：the human race, human being, humankind, humanity
13. 当代：in current society, in this day and age, in present-day society,in contemporary society
14. 传统的：traditional, conventional, old-fashioned
15. 健康的：healthy, vigorous, robust
16. 有营养的：nutritious, nourishing, wholesome, healthy
