1. [词根辨异]体会下列异源同形根cap和capt的含义与词义的关系。
① capital n.首都;大写字母;资本
② captain n.首领;船长
③ decapitate v.斩首
④ capsize v.使(船等)倾覆
2. [由此及彼]根据左栏单词的词义推测出右栏单词的词义。
① capable a.能才的→incapable a.
② acceptable a.可以接受的→inacceptable a.
③ exceptional a.例外的→unexceptional a.
④ susceptible a.易感动的→unsusceptible a.
⑤ participating a.参与的→nonparticipating a.
3. [同义相连]请将左栏的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
A.-or表示行为者,请把下面五种人对对号。
① acceptor a.开始人;发端者
② inceptor b.导师;教师
③ interceptor c.接受者;领受者
④ preceptor d.预期者;占先者
⑤ anticipator e.拦截者;截击者
B.以下是加上前缀的二次派生词,试判断之。
① self-deception a.先入之见,成见
② misconception b.拒绝接受,拒收
③ preconception c.自欺(的行为)
④ self-perception d.自我知觉;自我形象
⑤ nonacceptance e.误解;错误印象
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① susceptive a.易受感动的;敏感的
② anticipant a.预期的,期望的 n.预期者,期望者
③ emancipist n. [澳史]刑满释放者
④ participant n.参加者,参与者 a.参与的,分享的
participance n.参与;分享
participable a.可参与的;可分享的
⑤ caption n.标题 v.加标题
⑥ captor n.捕捉者
⑦ contraception n.避孕(法)
⑧ recipient a.接受的 n.接受者
⑨ incipient a.开始的,起初的
⑩ excipient n. [药]赋形剂
5. [节外生枝] cap还有两种异体ceipt与ceit。请分析下列派生词的词义之由来。
① conceit n.幻想;自负,骄傲自满
② deceit n.欺骗
③ receipt n.收到;收据
12. ced, ceed, cess [L]=to go走
ced,ceed,cess是同源异形根,来自拉丁动词cedere,意为to go(走)。其中,ced是不定式词干;ceed是ced在英语中的音变形式,它在英语中只有proceed,succeed和exceed三个原生派生词;cess是动名词词干,用来组成与某些动词相应的名词或形容词。
antecedent [ante-=before在……前;ced=to go走;-ent a.=-ing……的→] a. going before 先行的,居先的:The Ming Dynasty was antecedent to the Ching Dynasty.明朝在清朝之前。
▽antecedence [ante-;ced;-ence n.] n.先行;居先
antecessor [ante-=before 前;cess=to go走;-or n.=person人→] n. person who goes before the others先行者;先驱者:antecessors of the times时代的先行者
proceed [pro-=forward向前;ceed=to go行走→] v.① go forward前进,进行:The talk proceeded in a friendly atmosphere.会谈在友好的气氛中进行。② go forward after a stop, or continue继续:Let's proceed to the next item on the agenda.让我们进入下一项议程。
▽proceeding [proceed;-ing n.] n.程序;[复数] 会议记录
procedure [pro-=forward向前;ced=to go行走;-ure n.=the manner表方式→“the manner of going forward 前行的方式”→] n. course of action过程,程序:legal procedure法律程序
▽procedural [procedur(e);-al a.] a.过程的,程序的
process [pro-=forward向前;cess=to go→going行走→“going forward前进运动”→] n. forward movement过程,进程:the process of history历史的进程
▽procession [pro-;cess;-ion n.] n.队伍行进;行列
succeed [suc-(sub-)=from under自下而上;ceed=to go行走→“to go from under(to a higher position)上升到较高位置”→] v.① take the place previously occupied继承,接替:A new cabinet succeeded the old one.新内阁接任了。②reach one's aim成功,成就:He succeeded in everything.他事事如意。
▽succession [succeed①的对应名词] n.继承;连续
successive [succeed①的对应形容词] a.相继的;连续的
success [succeed②的对应名词] n.成就;成功
accede [ac-(ad-)=to到;ced=to go走;-e→“to go to an office走马上任”→] v. enter upon an office就职:The prince acceded to the throne and became the monarch.王子即位成了国君。
▽accession [ac-(ad-);cess;-ion n.] n.就职
access [ac-(ad-)=to到;cess=to go走→“going to some place走到某处”→] n. approach接近;进入:a place difficult of access难以进入的地方
▽accessible [ac-(ad-);cess;-ible a.] a.可进去的;易接近的
exceed [ex-=out, beyond外;ceed=to go行走→“to go beyond走出界”→] v. surpass超出:This month's income exceeds last month's.本月收入超过上月。
▽excess [ex-;cess] n.过分;过剩
excessive [ex-;cess;-ive a.] a.过多的;过分的;极度的
precede [pre-=before前;ced=to go行走;-e→] v. go before or go in front of先行;居先:A precedes B in the alphabet.字母表上A在B的前面。
▽precedence [preced(e);-ence n.] n.居先;优先
precedent [preced(e);-ent a.] a.在先的;优先的
precession [pre-;cess;-ion n.] n.向前的运动;先行
recede [re-=backward向后;ced=to go走;-e→“to go backward向后走”→] v. withdraw后退:The flood has receded.洪水已退。
▽recession [re-;cess;-ion n.] n.后退
recessive [re-;cess;-ive a.] a.后退的;隐退的
recess [re-;cess] n.休息;休会
secede [se-=apart分离;ced=to go走;-e→] v. go apart(from member-ship of an organization)脱离,退出(团体):He seceded from the Liberal Party.他退出了自由党。
▽seceder [seced(e);-er n.] n.退出者;退党者;退教者
secession [se-;cess;ion n.] n.脱离;退出
concede [con-=thoroughly彻底地;ced=to go走开;-e→“thoroughly go away(from an opponent)完全离开(对手)”→] v. give up让步:Many candidates conceded.许多候选人退让了。
▽concession [con-;cess;-ion n.] n.让步;让与物;租界
concessive [con-;cess;-ive a.] a.让步的