1. [词海垂钓]从词典中“钓”出一串同根词吧。
① ef-(ex-)
② af-(ad-)
2. [举一反三]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
difference n.差别;差异→① differential a.
→② differentiate v.
→③ differentiator n.
3. [词义辨析]选择最恰当的词义。
① indifference n. A.无区别 B.不关心 C.无差异
② indifferent a. A.无区别的 B.不关心的 C.无差异的
4. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① aquiferous a.含碳的
② carboniferous b.含水的
③ magnetiferous c.发出声音的
④ metalliferous d.开花的
⑤ soniferous e.有磁性的
⑥ floriferous f.含金属的
5. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① ferry n.渡船
ferriage n.摆渡;摆渡费
② deferment n.延期;延迟
③ deference n.听从;尊重
④ infer v.推断,推定
inference n.推论,推理,推断
inferential a.推论的,推理的
inferable a.可推论的,可推定的
⑤ conifer n.松果目植物;针叶树
⑥ proffer v.提供,贡献,提出
6. [节外生枝] fer还有两个异体lat和fert。lat的同根词很多,将作专门处理(见第二部分第49节)。fert的同根词有以下几个:
① fertile a.可繁殖的,可生育的;肥沃的
② fertility n.肥沃;繁殖力,能育性
③ fertilize v.使肥沃,使多产;施肥于
32. fid [L]=to trust信任
在高保真音响器材上,常写着Hi-Fi,即High-Fidelity。单词fidelity和confide,confidence是同族词。词根fid来自拉丁动词fidere,意思相当于to trust(信任)。
fidelity [fid=to trust信任;-elity (-al+-ity) n.=the quality表性质→“the quality of being trusted可被信任之品质”→] n.① faithfulness;loyalty忠诚;忠实:fidelity to one's cause对事业的忠诚 ② (radio, video) precision of reproduction(收音、录像的)逼真度,保真度:a high fidelity recorder高保真录音机
confide [con-(com-)=completely完全地;fid=to trust信任;-e→“to trustcompletely完全信任”→] v.① have trust or faith in信任:I confide in every one of you.我信任你们每一个人。② impart ( secrets) with trust吐露(秘密等):He often confides his private affairs to me.他常把心腹之事告诉我。
▽confidant [confid(e);-ant n.] n.密友;知己
confidante [confid(e);-ante n.] n.知己的女友
confidence [confide 的对应名词:confid(e)信任;-ence n.=the act or state 表行为或状态→“confiding somebody or oneself对他人或对自己的信任”→] n.① firm trust信任:to enjoy one's confidence得到某人的信任② firm trust or belief in oneself;self-reliance信心;自信:to have full confidence 信心十足
▽confident [confid(e);-ent a.] a.确信的;有信心的;自信的
diffident [dif-(dis-)=not不;fid=to trust信任;-ent a.=-ing……的→“not trusting (oneself)不信任(自己)的”→] a. distrusting;lacking in self-reliance没有信心的;缺乏自信的:He is diffident of his own opinion.他对自己的观点缺乏信心。
▽diffidence [dif-;fid;-ence n.] n.缺乏自信
fideism [fide(来自fidere的同根名词fides)=faith信仰;-ism n.=belief or doctrine主义→] n. doctrine that knowledge depends on faith信仰主义(认为知识依赖于信仰)
▽fideist [fide;-ist n.] n.信仰主义者
infidel [in-=not不;fid=to trust信任;-el (-al) a.=having the quality有……性质的→“not trusting or believing in religion不相信宗教的”→]Ⅰa. unfaithful in religion不信宗教的/infidel writers不信教的作家→Ⅱ n. one who does not believe in religion 不信仰宗教的人:He remained an infidel to his dying day.他至死还是一个不信教的人。
▽infidelity [infidel;-ity n.] n.无宗教信仰;背信
perfidious [per-=through, to destruction穿透,毁坏;fid=trust信仰;-i-;-ous a.=causing使……的→“cauing one's trust to destruction使信仰彻底破坏的”→] a. faithless;unfaithful;violating faith不忠的;背信的;叛卖的:perfidious activities背信弃义的行为
▽perfidy [per-;fid;-y n.] n.背信弃义;叛变;出卖