1. [词海垂钓]从词典中“钓”出一串同根词吧。
① de-
② circum-
③ inter-
④ dif-(dis-)
2. [同义相连]异形根flux构成一些与flu的派生词语义相当的名词。将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① afflux a.逆流;退潮
② conflux b.流向
③ influx c.流出
④ efflux d.合流;汇合
⑤ relux e.流入;涌进
3. [词义判断]以下是两对词义容易混淆的同根词。选择最恰当的词义。
① influent a. A.流入的 B.流行性感冒的 C.有影响的
② influential a. A.流入的 B.流行性感冒的 C.有影响的
③ fluence n. A.影响力 B.流畅 C.流行性感冒
④ fluency n. A.影响力 B.流畅 C.流行性感冒
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① mellifluence n.(声音等的)甜美;流畅
② mellifluous/mellifluent a.甜美的;甜蜜的(提示:melli=honey)
5. [节外生枝]
① fluct是flux的异体,主要有以下两个派生词:
fluctuate v.波动
fluctuation n.波动
② flu与英语单词flow(流,流动)音义相近,可帮助记忆下列单词。
inflow n.流入;输入
reflow v.流回;落潮
overflow v.溢出;泛滥
35. form [L]=shape;to form形状;形成
form是英语常用词,既可当名词,又可当动词。其实,form还是个重要的拉丁词根,作为名词性词根,它来自forma,意为shape(形状);作为动词性词根,它来自formare,意为to give a shape to即to form(形成)。
form [form=to give a shape to形成→] v.① make in a centain shape使成形,制作:to form vessels out of clay用粘土制成器皿② organize组成:to form a club组成一个俱乐部 ③ take shape成形,生成:to form an idea想出一个主意
▽formation [form;-ation n.] n.形成;组成;形成物;组成物
formal [form=shape形状;-al a.=of……的→] a.① of shape or appear-ance形式上的,表面的:the formal structure of a poem诗的形式结构 ② regular or routine正式的,例行的:formal invitation正式请柬
▽formality [formal;-ity n.] n.拘泥形式;正式手续;礼节
formlism [forml;-ism n.] n.形式主义
formalist [formal;-ist n./a.] n.形式主义者 a.形式主义的
formalize [formal;-ize v.] v.使形式化;使正式;使定形
informal [in-;formal] a.非正式的;不拘礼节的
inform [in-=in入;form=to give form to给……形状→“to give form into something 给某物以形状”→“to describe it 描述某物”→] v. give knowledge to 告知,通知:Please inform him of the changes in the schedule.请将计划变动的事通知他。
▽informant [inform;-ant n.] n.提供消息(或情报)的人
information [inform;-ation n.] n.通知;消息;信息;资料
reform [re-=again再;form=to give form to使成形→“to give a new form to 使再成形”→] Ⅰv. ① make or become better 改造:to reform prisoners改造犯人② improve by removing faults or abuses改革,改良:to reform city administration改革市政管理→Ⅱn. improvement改革,改良:a reform in fundamental point of view基本观点的改革
▽reformism [reform;-ism n.] n.改良主义
reformist [reform;-ist n./a.] n.改良主义者 a.改良主义的
reformation [reform;-ation n.] n.改革,改良,革新
formula [form=shape形成;-ula n.=little thing小东西→“a little shape小形式”→] n.① set form of words used regularly俗套话:polite formula礼貌用语② prescription处方,配方:a formula for making perfume制香水的配方 ③expression showing algebraic rule数学公式,方程式:algebraic formula数学公式
▽formular [formul(a);-ar a.] a.公式的
formulary [formul(a);-ary n.] n.公式汇编;俗套话;药典
conform [con-(com-)=together 共同;form=to shape 形成→“to shape together with 与……共同成形”→] v.① become the same in form相似,一致:The goods conformed to the sample. 货物和货样一致。② be in agreement with遵照,适应:to conform to the rules遵守规则
▽conformable [conform;-able a.] a.相似的;相适应的
conformity [conform;-ity n.] n.遵照;相似;一致
conformism [conform;-ism n.] n.因循守旧,墨守成规
conformist [conform;-ist n./a.] n.遵奉习俗者a.墨守成规的
deform [de-=away离;form=to shape使成形→“to be away from shape使离形”→] v. ① put out of shape使变形:Heat deforms plastic.热使塑料变形。② spoil the shape of使畸形:Tight shoes may deform feet.鞋子太紧会使脚畸形。
▽deformation [deform;-ation n.] n.损形;变丑;畸形;变形
deformity [deform;-ity n.] n.畸形状态;畸形的人(或物)
deformable [deform;-able a.] a.能变形的,可使之变形的
transform [trans-=across到另一方;form=to give shape to使成形→“to give shape across or give one shape from the other使转化、使改观”→] v. ① change in form or appearance 使变形,使改观:A tadpole is transformed into a frog.蝌蚪变成青蛙。② change in nature or quality使改造,转变:Responsibility transformed him form a careless boy into a capable teacher.责任把他从一个粗心的男孩改变成一位能干的教师。
▽transformation [transform;-ation n.] n.变化;转变;改革