1. [词海垂钓] 从词典中“钓”出一串同根词吧。
2. [望文生义]根据所学词根的知识推测下列单词的词义。
counter-(=against)
2. [望文生义]根据所学词根的知识推测下列单词的词义。
① discomfort n.
② uncomfortable a.
③ unfortified a.
④ unforced a.
3. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① forcible a.宜于设防的
② comfortable b.舒适的;安慰的
③ fortifiable c.可实施的;可强行的
④ enforceable d.强迫的
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① fortress n.堡垒;要塞
② fortalice n.小堡垒;外堡
③ forte n.长处
④ fortissimo a. [乐]非常响亮的
⑤ perforce ad.必须;必定
37. frag, fract [L]=to break破
在同根词 fragile,fragment,fraction 和 fracture 中,词根 frag 和fract 来自拉丁动词frangere,意思相当于英语的to break(破)。其中,frag是不定式词干frang的变体;fract是动名词词干。frang和它的另一变体fring,在英语中出现率比较低(见本节练习2和4)。
fragile [frag=to break破;-ile a.=easy to be易被……的→“easy to be broken易打破的”→] a. easily broken or damaged, or breakable易破的;易碎的:Glass is fragile.玻璃容易破。
▽fragility [fragil;-ity n.] n.脆性;脆弱
fragment [frag=to break 破;-ment n.=the result 表行为结果→“the result of being broken破碎的结果”→] n.① part of something broken off破片,碎片:fragments of a vase一个花瓶的碎片② part of some-thing left unfinished未完成的部分:This poem is only a fragment.这首诗仅是未完稿。
▽fragmentary [fragment;-ary a.] a.碎片的;片断的
fragmentate [fragment;-ate v.] v.使裂成碎片
fraction [fract=to break破;-ion n.=the result 表行为结果→“the result of breaking something破坏或分裂某物的结果”→] n.① something broken off from the whole碎片:The cup crumbled into fractions.杯子破成碎片。② any part of a unit or number部分;分数:One-third is a fraction.三分之一是分数。
▽fractional [fraction;-al a.] a.部分的;分数的
fractionize [fraction;-ize v.] v.使分成几部分;把……化为分数
fracture [fract=to break破;-ure n.=the act or state表行为或状态→] n. breaking or breakage, especially of bone破裂;骨折:She suffered a fracture of her wrist.她的手腕骨折了。
infraction [in-=in 入;fract=to break 破;-ion n.=the act 表行为→“breaking in law or rule破坏法律,侵犯规则”→] n. violation of law;breach违犯;违背:infraction of martial law违反戒严法
refract [re-=back回,返;fract=to break, to bend or turn破,转,折→“to turn back折回”→] v. turn aside(rays of light, sound, etc. passing into a medium from another medium)使(光线、声波等从一种介质进入另一种介质时)发生偏转;使折射:Water refracts light.水使光折射。
▽refractable [refract;-able a.] a.可折射的
refractive [refract;-ive a.] a.折射的
refractory [re-=against反抗;fract=to break破;-ory a.=having the quality有……性能的→“having the quality against breaking抗破碎的”→] a. ① resistant to treatment 耐处理的:refractory bricks 耐火砖② stubborn顽固的:refractory diseases痼疾
anfractuous [an-(ambi-)=about周围;fract=to break, to turn破,转;-u-;-ous a.=having the quality有……性能的→“turning about来回转折的”→] a. winding;circuitous弯曲的;迂回:an anfractuous streamlet一条蜿蜒的小溪