1. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① refractometer a.分裂;破碎
② refractoriness b.倔强
③ fragmentation c.折射作用
④ refraction d.折射计
2. [望文生义]根据所学词根的知识推测下列单词的词义。
① frangible a.
frangibility n.
② infrangile a.
infrangibility n.
3. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① fractious a.易怒的;暴躁的
② fractography n.金属断面的显微镜观察
③ fractionate v.使分馏;把……分成几部分
④ diffract v.使衍射
diffraction n.衍射
⑤ frail [fragile的变体] a.脆弱的;意志薄弱的
⑥ suffrage n.投票;所投的票(古罗马用碎陶片投票)
4. [节外生枝]词根fring是frang的音变变体。分析infringe和infringement的词义,并与单词infraction(违背;违犯)作比较。
38. fund, found, fus [L]=to melt, to pour熔化,浇注
从表面上看,常用词confuse,refund和foundry似乎互不相干,其实却是同根生的。它们的词根 fus,fund 和 found 是来自拉丁动词fundere的同源异形根,意思相当于to melt或to pour,即与金属冶炼有关的“熔化”或“浇注”。三个异形根中,fund是不定式词干;found是fund是重读形式;fus是动名词词干。fus的构词能力最强。
confuse [con-(com-)=together 一起;fus=to melt 熔化;-e→“to melt together and mix up熔化在一起无法分清”→] v.① jumble搞乱,混淆:to confuse black and white混淆黑白② fail to distinguish分不清,弄糊涂:He was confused about the foreign names in the novel.他被小说中的外国名字弄糊涂了。
▽confusion [confus(e);-ion n.] n.混乱;慌乱
confusable [confus(e);-able a.] a.可能被混淆的
refuse [re-=back回;fus=to pour浇灌;-e→“to pour back往回倒灌”→“to be unable to take in不能容纳”→] v. be unwilling to accept拒绝:He refused my advice.他不听我的忠告。
▽refusal [refus(e);-al n.] n.拒绝
profuse [pro-=forward向前;fus=to pour灌注,倾泻;-e→“to pour forward 向前倾泻”→“liberal to pour out 能随意浇洒的”→] a.① overflowing or overabounding;liberal to excess极其丰富的;过多的:profuse thanks多谢② lavish;extravagant十分慷慨的;浪费的:He was profuse of his money.他挥金如土。
▽profusion [profus(e);-ion n.] n.丰富;慷慨;浪费
effuse [ef-(ex-)=out出;fus=to pour浇注;-e→“to pour out倾注出来”→] v.① pour forth倾吐,抒发:to effuse one's bosom words倾吐肺腑之言 ② flow out; shed 流出;淌出:The blood effused from the wound.血从伤口淌出来。
▽effusion [effus(e);-ion n.] n.抒发;流出
effusive [effus(e);-ive a.] a.溢于言表的;流出的
fuse [fus=to melt熔化;-e→]Ⅰv. melt or join by melting熔化;熔合:The copper and the zinc are fused by heat.铜和锌受热熔合在一起。→Ⅱ n. device used to break an electric circuit by melting itself 保险丝(自熔以切断电路的装置)
▽fusion [fus(e);-ion n.] n.熔化;熔合
fusible [fus(e);-ible n.] a.易熔的
refund [re-=back回;fund=to pour灌注→“to pour back or flow back倒灌或倒流回去”→] v. give or pay back归还;偿还:If you are not satisfied with the goods, your money may be refunded.你若不满意,货款可以退还。
▽refundable [refund;-able a.] a.可归还的;可偿还的
foundry [found=to melt and pour溶注;-ry (-ery) n.=place场所→] n. place where metal is melted and poured铸工车间;铸造厂
confound [con-=together一起;found=to melt熔化→“to melt together熔在一起”→] v. mix up mentally;puzzle or confuse使(思想)混乱;混淆:I was always confounded by the twin brothers.我总是分不清这一对孪生兄弟。