1. [望文生义]根据所学词根的知识推测下列单词的词义。
① patricide n.
patricidal a.
② unpatriotic a.
2. [由此及彼]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
expatriate v.把逐出国外→① repatriate v.
→② repatriation n.
3. [无师自通]表示“母亲”的词根是matri和matern,与表示“父亲”的词根只相差一个首字母。以下右列单词都有对应的以“m”开头的单词。写出这些对应单词,并查出词义。注意:词义不一定是相对应的。尤其④—⑦各题。
① patrilineal a.父系的→matrilineal a.母系的
① patrilineal a.父系的→matrilineal a.母系的
② patronymic a.取自父名的→
③ patriarchy n.父权制→
④ patrimony n.祖传财产→
⑤ patron n.庇护人→
⑥ paternal a.父亲的→
⑦ paternity n.父亲身份;父权→
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① patronymic a.取自父名的(提示:onym=name )
② patrician n.贵族;显贵
patriciate n.贵族地位;贵族阶级
③ paterfamilias n.一家之父;男性家长
④ patrioteer n.打着爱国的幌子而谋私利者
⑤ paternoster n.主祷文;符咒(提示:noster=our )
⑥ eupatrid n.(古雅典)世袭贵族(提示:eu-=good)
⑦ patrilocal a.(婚后)住在男家的
⑧ superpatriot n.极端的爱国者,狂热的爱国者
⑨ sympatric a.(生态)分布区重叠的;同域的(提示:sym-=same)
67. pel, puls [L]=to drive, to push 逐使,推动
compel和compulsion或compulsive虽然词干不一样,单词的基本含义却是一致的。这是因为它们的词根pel和puls是一对同源异形根。pel来自拉丁动词pellere的不定式词干pell;puls则是该动词的动名词词干。词根的意思相当于to drive(逐使)或to push(推动)。这对异形根构词很有规律:pel加上前缀构成动词;plus则构成相应的名词和形容词。
compel [com-表加强词义,pel=to drive逐使→“to drive (somebody into doing something)驱使(某人干某事)”→] v. urge forcefully;require by force迫使;强求:His conscience compelled him to tell the truth.良心迫使他说出了实话。
▽compellable [compel(l);-able a.] a.可强迫的
compulsion [compel的对应名词:compuls=to compel迫使;-ion n.=the act or state表行为或状态→] n. force强制,强迫:under compulsion被迫的
▽compulsive [com-;puls;-ive a.] a.强迫的
compulsory [com-;puls;-ory a.] a.强制性的;义务的
repel [re-=back回;pel=to drive or push逐,推→] v.① drive or push back逐回;击退:to repel the enemy's attack击退敌人的进攻②push or keep away 排斥;防,抗:This coat will repel water. 这外套不透水。
▽repellent [repel(l);-ent a.] a.击退的;排斥的
repellency/repellence [repel(l);-ency/-ence n.] n.抵抗性;排斥性
repulse [re-=back回;puls=to drive or push逐,推;-e→]Ⅰv.① drive back击退:to repulse the enemy击退敌人② push, away, or refuse coldly排斥;严拒:to repulse an invitation不接受邀请→Ⅱn.① driving back击退:The enemy met with a repulse.敌人被击退。② refusal严拒:Her repulse was to be expected.她的拒绝乃意料中的事。
▽repulsion [repuls(e) v.;-ion n.] n.排斥;严拒
repulsive [repuls(e) v.;-ive a.] a.排斥的;严拒的
expel [ex-=out出;pel =to drive逐→] v.① drive out驱出:A foreign secret agent was expelled from the country.一个外国间谍被驱逐出境。② dismiss in disgrace开除:The boy was expelled from school.那男生被学校开除了。
▽expellant/expellent [expel(l);-ant/-ent a.] a.驱除的
expulsion [ex-;puls;-ion n.] n.驱逐;开除
expulsive [ex-;plus;-ive a.] a.逐出的;开除的
impel [im-(in-)=on上,前;pel=to drive or push逐,推→] v. drive or push on;urge on推动;激励:His desire for knowledge impelled him to study hard.求知欲望推动他努力学习。
▽impellent [impel(l);-ent a.] a.推动的;推进的
impulse [im-;puls;-e] n.冲动;刺激
impulsion [im-;puls;-ion n.] n.推动;推动力;刺激
impulsive [im-;puls;-ive a.] a.冲动的;由冲动所造成的
propel [pro-=forward向前;pel=to drive or push逐,推→] v. drive or push forward推动;推进:The ship is propelled by steam.那条船是靠蒸汽推进的。
▽propellant/propellent [propel(l);-ant/-ent a.] a.推进的
propulsion [pro-;puls;-ion n.] n.推进;推进力
propulsive [pro-;puls;-ive a.] a.推进的;有推进力的
dispel [dis-=away离开;pel=to drive驱逐→] v.① drive away and scatter驱散:The sun dispelled the thick fog. 太阳驱散了浓雾。② send away, remove消除;消释:His words dispelled my doubts.他的话消除了我的疑虑。