1. [词根辨异]现在又遇到一对异源同形根,plet(装满)的异体ply1与plic(弯)的异体ply2形态相同。请完成下列题目。
① 辨识下列单词的词根之含义。
apply comply imply reply supply
② 分析下列单词词义之由来。
supplier n.供应者
suppliable a.可供给的,可供应的
suppliance n.恳求,哀求
suppliant a.(表示)恳求的,(表示)哀求的
③ 注意辨别以下两个近形词的词义。
complement n.补充;补充物
compliment n.恭维(话)
2. [由此及彼]根据已知单词的词义推断出其同根词的词义。
已知:duple a.双倍的,双重的
求:① triple a.
② quadruple a.
③ multiple a.
3. [同义相连]将左栏中的单词和右栏中相对应的词义连接起来。
① duplicate a.二倍的;一式两份的
② multiplicate b.三倍的;一式三份的
③ quadruplicate c.四倍的;一式四份的
④ sexuplicate d.六倍的;一式六份的
⑤ triplicate e.多倍的;一式多份的
4. [寻根问底]指出下列单词的词根并领会其词义的由来。
① ply n.层,重
② pliabe a.易弯的,柔韧的
③ replica n.复制品;摹写品
④ duplicity n.口是心非;言行不一
5. [节外生枝] plic还有两个异体:来自拉丁文的plex和来自古法语经英语“正字”的ploy。注意以下派生词。
① complex a.复合的;错综的
duplex a.双重的;二倍的
multiplex a.多样的;复合的
perplex v.使困窘;使混乱(提示:per-=thoroughly)
② deploy v.布置;展开(提示:de-=apart)
employ v.使用,利用;雇用(提示:em-=in)
72. pon, pos(it) [L]=to place, to put放,置
pon和pos (it)是一对结合力非常强的同源异形根。pon来自拉丁动词ponere的不定式词干,pos (it)是动名词词干,其意思为to place或to put,即“放”或“置”。这族同根词不下百个。
compose [com- = together 一起;pos = to place 放置;-e→“to place together放置在一起”→] v.①make up, or form as a whole组成:Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。② create (literal or musical work)创作:Beethoven composed nine symphonies.贝多芬创作了九部交响乐。
▽composer [compos(e);-er n.] n.作曲者;创作者
composition [compos(e);-ition n.] n. 作文;作曲;乐曲 composite [com-pos(e);-ite a.] a.合成的;复合的
expose [ex-=out外;pos=to place放置;-e→“to place out so as to be seen放在外面让人看”→] v.① uncover使暴露:to expose one's ignorance暴露自己的无知② reveal揭露,揭发:to expose a corruption without any reserve毫无保留揭发一起贪污案 ③ display 陈列,展出:to expose goods in a shop window在商店橱窗里陈列货物
▽exposure [expos(e);-ure n.] n.暴露;揭露
exposition [expos(e);-ition n.] n.显露;陈列;展览会;说明
oppose [op-(ob-)=against对抗;pos=to place放置;-e→“to place oneself against把自己置于与……对抗的地位”→] v. be or act against反对;反抗:to oppose a foreign invasion反抗外来侵略
▽opposition [oppos(e);-ition n.] n.反对;对立
opposite [oppos(e);-ite a.] a.相对的;对立的
postpone [post-=after在……之后;pon=to place放置;-e→“to place after a due time置于约定时间之后”→] v. put off;delay推迟;延迟:We postponed the meeting until next Monday.我们把会议推迟到下星期一。
▽postponable [postpon(e);-able a.] a.可以延缓的
propose [pro-=froward向前;pos=to put放置;-e→] v. put forward for consideration提出,建议:to propose a motion提出一项动议
▽proposal [propos(e);-al n.] n.提议;建议;求婚
proposition [propos(e);-ition n.] n.建议;主张
suppose [sup-(sub-)=under, or secretly下,私下;pos=to put放置;-e→“to put some idea in mind secretly私下把某种想法置于心中”→] v.①think or imagine to oneself as true想像;料想:I suppose that he is not yet thirty. 我猜想他还不到三十岁。② assume to be true 假定:Suppose he refuses, what shall we do?假如他拒绝了,我们怎么办?
▽supposition [suppos(e);-ition n.] n.想象;假定;推测
depose [de-=down低;pos=to place放置;-e→“to place down in rank or position 降低地位”→] v. take an office from罢……的官;废黜:The revolution deposed the king.那场革命把国王废黜了。
▽deposal [depos(e);-al n.] n.废黜;免职
deposit [de-=down下;posit=to place放→“to place down放下,投放”→] v.① place down for safe-keeping储蓄;存(钱):to deposite money for a car存钱买车② put down to form a layer使沉淀:A layerof mud was deposited on the banks after the flood.洪水过后,两岸积了一层淤泥。
▽depositor [deposit;-or n.] n.存放者;储户
depositary [deposit;-ary n.] n.存放处;仓库
dispose [dis-=apart, aside分开;旁边;pos=to place or put放置;-e→“to place apart, or to put aside 分散放;放在一旁”→] v. ① put in places, or arrange布置;安排:to dispose troops for a battle部署兵力准备打仗② throw away;get rid of处理掉;除掉:to dispose of the rubbish清除垃圾
▽disposal [dispos(e);-al n.] n.布置;处置;处理
disposable [dispos(e);-able a.] a.可任意处理的
disposition [dispos(e);-ition n.] n.布置;安排
impose [im-(in-)=upon在……之上;pos=to place放置;-e→“to place upon (somebody)把……放在(某人)身上”→] v.① force (one's views, etc.) upon把(观点等)强加于:He imposed himself as our leader.他自命为我们的领导。② establish by authority实施,征收:to impose new duties加征新税
▽imposition [impos(e);-ition n.] n.征税;税款;强迫接受