【环境污染――资源短缺――人口爆炸――交通阻塞――犯罪现象――吸毒离婚自杀】
○灾难危机的类型及人类的忧虑
○灾难危机的起因、严重程度及危害
○人类的对策、解决方法
8. 大学课堂讲座题
【由某权威人物讲授某个领域的相关知识】
○讲座发言人自我介绍、提出讲座主题
○某个领域的问题、发展状况、有趣的概念术语(经常用数据说明)
○最具代表性的专家、事例、结论及原因
○此领域的发展前景，有可能引出下次课讨论的话题
9. 实验和调查研究题
【国外某大学进行的一项特殊调查、实验、研究或统计】
○用一个日常生活事实引出话题
○描述美国某大学进行的调查实验：数据统计、目的及结果
○对结果进行分析，得出相关推论
○实验结果的合理性及局限性，专家对此结论的看法
10. 新闻广播题
【典型内容：灾难――事故――罢工――冲突――抢劫】
○开篇句是播音员提及播音时间和自己姓名。如：The time is 7 o’clock, and this is Amily Brown with the news.
○第二句为关键句，多为长句，介绍某灾难或事故的发生时间、地点、人物、原因、结果(when, where, who, why, which and how)，同时带出准确的受伤死亡人数
○详细介绍灾难事故的发生背景和过程
○地方当局采取的措施，通常是正在做出的努力
二、四六级段落题中常见的重要信息提示语
听者在听音过程中要积极思维、快速反应，特别要注意表示句与句之间关系的信息提示语，并借此发现句与句之间的逻辑关系，确定重要信息。听者要想从结构上把握篇章，就要顺着指示语预期何时可能开始谈论一个话题、何时出现讲述的重点以及何时可能转换话题，请注意以下的信息提示语。
1. 数字信息及相关事实
【普通数字、小数、分数、百分比、价格、比率、年代、时刻】
□ The earth’s crust is divided into seven sections.
□ There are only 24 well qualified male students at the Deep Spring College.
□ A job interview usually lasts from 30 to 45 minutes.
□ Middle English extended from about 1100 to about 1475.
□ “I taught my minority students English and Drama classes in high school for 20 years.
□ Dry ice was first manufactured in 1925.
□ Tuition will be on an average of 9 percent higher this year than last.
2. 因果关系提示语(原因为考查点)
【因为，由于， 归因于(原因在后)】
□as…, since…, because…, now that…, considering…, given…, for reason that…,the reason why…is…, because of…, owing to…, on account of…, as a result of…, for the sake of…, due to…, result from…，thanks to…，attribute…to…
【导致，引起，成为…原因(原因在前)】
□…cause…, …lead to…, …bring about…, …contribute to…, …result in…, …account for…, trigger off…, …responsible for…, …to blame for…
【因此，所以(原因在前)】
□…and so…, …Therefore…, …Thus…, …Hence…, …As a result…, …That’s why…, …For this reason…, …Accordingly…, …As a consequence…, …Consequently…, so… that…, too…to…
3. 观点提出及列举
【观点论题的提出】
□ Today, I"m going to discuss/ introduce/ talk about/ explain……
□ My speech will focus upon/center around/concentrate on……
□ The subject/topic/propose for today’s lecture/discussion is……
□ Today, people are increasingly concerned about/aware of the gravity of……
□ When it comes to……
【话题的另外一个方面或反面】
□ Another point I want to mention is ……
□ In addition ..., Besides ..., Apart from ..., Aside from ..., Moreover ..., Furthermore ...,What"s more…
□ On the contrary ..., However ..., But on the other hand..., Conversely ..., By contrast …, ...whereas ... A totally different picture lies in ...
【列举话题的各个方面】
□ First/Firstly... …Second/Secondly... …Third/Thirdly… ... Lastly……
□ To begin with.….. Next…… Furthermore…... Finally…...
□ In the first place.….. In the second place…... Moreover…... By the way…...
□ Above all…... In addition…... Then.….. Afterward…... Last but not least…...
□ On the one hand… ... On the other hand…...
□ For one thing…... For another…...
【话题结束的总结语】
□In short/brief.……Briefly…...Summing up/To sum up…...Summarizing/To summarize…...To conclude…...In conclusion……As a result…...In general…...Generally speaking…...All in all…...By and large……On the whole…...On this basis…...Given all these aspects…...Everything considered…...Finally, it can be concluded/inferred/deduced that……
4. 论说文主题关键词
【名词】
□The point / idea / view / opinion / truth / fact / cause / reason / problem / question / answer / solution / explanation / threat / challenge / dilemma / difficulty / method / gist / propose / object / goal / motive / attitude / reaction / plan / first step / only way / controversy / conflict / dispute / argument / proof / evidence / advice / suggestion / proposal / request / requirement / standard / limitation / decision / intention / effect / result / consequence / duty / responsibility / task / danger / trouble / crisis / barrier / hope / possibility / exception / surprise is ……
【动词】
□point out / advance / suggest / advice / emphasize / comment / explain / require / conclude / insist / maintain / hold it true that / believe / stick to / criticize / refute / prove / try to / attempt to / intend to / plan to / dream of / decide to / resolve to / determine to / object to / support / advocate / approve / agree / disapprove / disagree / prefer / claim / declare / deny / admit / endanger / mean
【形容词(所有形容词的最高级形式)】
□important / essential / critical / vital / dangerous / indispensable / necessary / urgent / best / biggest / serious / severe / grave / possible / impossible / likely / unlikely / surprised / unexpected / unusual / disappointed / desperate / special / unique / different / distinctive / direct / difficult / rare
【其它特殊表达方式】
□the only / the first / the last / except / with the exception of / especially / but / however / nevertheless / otherwise / unless / only if / so long as / on condition that / actually / as a matter of fact
三、段落理解题的题目设置规律
○段首句开门见山引出主题或故事发生环境，往往设置为考点
○因果关系中的原因是必考内容，不管直接或间接提到的原因都会用why来提问
○形容词副词最高级形式一旦出现，则此句即成为考点，如：the most important reason is……; their biggest trouble was……; he worked most efficiently when ……
○故事题中的一个关键动词，人物所说的一句意味深长的话需要找到同义解释
○说明文中的数字年代和概念往往需要在选项中重新定位
○人物题中的重要年代及相关历史事件需要重新搭配定位，不做记录容易混淆
○议论文中有时自问自答，问题将成为考题，回答内容即正确选项
○议论文中只要出现I think……, I believe it’s true that……, In my opinion……等表达，就会重新问及speaker的观点态度; 没有这些表达则段首句是其观点。
