英语六级阅读真题，不仅强化词汇与句型理解，更提升阅读速度与综合分析能力。实战演练，让考生熟悉题型变化，掌握解题技巧，是冲刺六级高分不可或缺的宝贵资源。今天，小编将分享2022年12月大学英语六级阅读真题以及答案（卷二）相关内容，希望能为大家提供帮助！

Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.

The task of the global strategist of a business is to build a platform of capabilities derived from the resources,experiences and innovations of units operating in multiple locations,to transplant those capabilities wherever  26  ,and then to systematically upgrade and renew them—ahead of the competition.

Apple is an outstanding case of a company whose unique capabilities give it a worldwide  27  advantage,particularly with respect to its ability to build platforms from a product base that integrates functional and  28  design.Apple has been able to leverage and exploit itsCalifornia-based design and marketing advantages successfully throughout the world.IKEA is another such case.The do-it-yourself furniture and houseware company first developed a compelling set of capabilities to design,manufacture and  29  furniture at low cost and sell it in a novel way in Sweden.Later,IKEA successfully  30  this formula in many other countries.

Bycontrast,Telefónica,a Spanish telecommunications company that is now the world's fifth largest telecom by  31  ,first developed its special advantage abroad.In 1989 and 1990,Telefónica had the opportunity to enter Chile and Argentina,countries that shared many institutional and cultural characteristics with its home country but that were  32  more rapid market reform.Throughout the 1990s,Telefónica took what it learned in Chile and Argentina about reconstructing former state-owned telecoms to other Latin American countries that were privatizing their state telecoms and deregulating their telecom markets.

These examples might lead the reader to believe that creating a global advantage isan casy task.But many other  33  of expensive failed experiments suggest that creating a lasting global advantage actually requires a great deal of  34  and operationalfinesse(技巧)。Our research suggests that global winners typically create and sustain their international presence through a systematic process of  35  ,renewing and enhancing their core capabilities.

A)aesthetic

B)appropriate

C)clusters

D)competitive

E)exploiting

F)fiscal

G)instances

H)rehabilitated

I)reproduced

J)revenues

K)safeguarding

L)ship

M)strategic

N)transcend

O)undergoing

Section B

Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs,Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Fear of Nature:An Emerging Threat to Conservation

A)Whatdo we lose whennatural spaces and speciesdisappear?Increasingly,research has shown that as species and ecosystems vanish,it also chips away at our ability to preserve what remains—because we no longerunderstand what we're losing.

B)You probably see it all the time.The neighbor who puts pesticides on hislawn rather than deal with annoying bees.The politician who votes against wildlife protection because she's never seen a wolf in the wild.Thecorporation that wants to bulldoze(用推土机推平)the habitat of a rare frog.

C)At best this can be termed“the extinction of experience,”where our cultural and natural histories fade fromour memoriesand therefore our reality.At its worst it becomes something even more concerning “biophobia,”the fear of living things and a complete aversion to nature.

D)This isn't the fiction of living in a cold,emptydystopia(绝望的世界).Sadly,it's becoming a way of life for too many people—especially children.A recent study in Japan paints a striking portrait of this problem.A survey of more than 5,300 school children in the Tochigi Prefecture examined their perception of 14 local insect species and one spider.The results?A collective“ew!”Most of the students saw the species as things to dislike or fear,or even as sources of danger.The less experience the students had with nature,the more negative their feelings.

E)The results were published earlier this year in the journal Biological Conservation.Lead researcher Masashi Soga with the University of Tokyo says the study stemmed from observations about today's nature-deficient children.“Humans inherently avoid dangerous organisms such as bees,but children these days avoid even harmless insects such asbutterfliesand dragonflies(蜻蜓), ”he says.“I have longwondered why so many of today's children react like this.”

F)Although the children's reactions were somewhat expected,the new study did contain an unexpected finding:Many of the surveyed children revealed that their parents also expressed fear or disgust of the same animals.In fact these parental emotions were strong enough to overwhelm any positive experiences the children might have gained from direct experiences in nature.As Soga and his coauthors wrote in their paper,“Ourresults suggest that there is likely a feedback loop in which an increase in people who have negative attitudes towards nature in one generation will lead to a further incrcasc in pcople with similar attitudes in the nextgeneration.”

G)And that's possibly the greater threat posed by extinction of experience.Soga suggests the generationa loss—a condition previously dubbed environmental generationalamnesia(遗忘)—could chip away at our societal ability to preserve what we're losing.“I believe that increased biophobia is a major,but invisible,threat to global biodiversity,”Soga says.“As the number of children who have biophobia increases,public interest and support for biodiversity conservation will gradually decline.Although many conservation biologists still consider that preventing the loss of wildlife habitat is the most important way to conserve biodiversity,I think preventing increased biophobia is also important for conservation.”

H)What's to be done about this?The paper makes several recommendations,the most obvious of whichis that children should experience nature more often.The authors also suggest establishing policies to guide these natural experiences and increasingeducational programs about the natural world.

I)Helping parents to see species around them in a new light would make a difference,too.And,of course,maintaining support for preserving the wild spaces where these“scary”creatures live is the most important thing of all.That's a point reinforced by another recent study,which found that wild spaces located within urban areas—and the plants and animals that thrive in them—are particularly important for human hcalth and well-being.

J)Published in the journal Frontiers in Sustainable Cities,the study examined attitudes toward Discovery Park,the heavily forested 534-acre public park in Seattle,Washington.It found that the public had the most appreciation for—and gained the most value from--the wildest parts of the park.“I have seen whales,seals,fish,eagles,shorebirds and many other sea creatures in their natural habitat,”one survey participant wrote.“Coming here with people has allowed me to connect and talk with them about conversation that simply does not happen in everyday life,”wrote another.

K)The participants reported that their most valuable experiences in the park included encountering wildlife,walking through open spaces,exploring the beach and finding beautiful views.“We saw that a large majority of participants'interactions,especially their most meaningful interactions,depended on Discovery Park's relative wildness,”says lead author Elizabeth Lev,a master's student in the university of Washington's Human Interaction with Nature Lab.This is only possible because the park is relativelywild.After all,you can't enjoy watching birds if there are no birds to follow;gaze at the sunset if it's obscured by skyscrapers;or stop and smell the flowers if they don't have room to grow.

L)And yet even this long-protected space could someday become less hospitable to nature.Over the past few years a lot of people and organizations have suggested developing parts of Discovery Park or the neighboring area.Most recently a plan proposed building 34 acres of much-needed affordable housing and parking spaces adjacent to the park,bringing with them noise,traffic and pollution.

M)If anything like that happened,both the park and the people of Seattle could lose something vital.And that would continue the trend of chipping away at Seattle's-and the world's—natural spaces,leaving just tiny pocket parks and green-but-empty spaces that offer little real value to wildlife,plants or people.

N)“It is true that any interaction with nature is better than none,but I don't want people to besatisfied with any small bit of grass and trees,”Lev says.“We have been in this cycle of environmental generational amnesia for a long time,where the baseline keeps shifting and we don't even realize what we're losing until it's gone.If we can get peopleto understand how much meaning and value can come from having more experiences with more wild forms of nature,then maybe we can stop this cycle and move toward conserving and restoring what we have left.”

O)Building this understanding in an ever-more fearful and disconnected world may be the biggest challenge.Peter Kahn,the senior author of Lev's paper and the director of the Human Interaction with Nature Lab,made several suggestions for bridging this gap in this 2011 book,Technological Nature.They echo the recommendation about getting children into nature,but also include telling stories of how things used to be,imaginingwhat things might be like in the future,and developing a common language about nature,“a way of speaking about wild and domestic interaction patterns,and the meaningful,deep and often joyful feelings that they generate.”

P)Nomatter what techniques we use,this growing field of research illustrates that saving nature requires encouraging people to experience it more often and more deeply.That calls for additional rescarch—Lev and her coauthors have published a toolkit that other municipalities can follow to study thevalue of their own wild spaces—and clear communication ofthe results.“If we can continue to show people the benefits of these wild spaces,”Lev says,“maybe pcople will begin to see more value in keeping these are as undeveloped—for the sake of our mutual benefit.”

36.A newstudy found parents'aversion to certainanimals would pass on to their children.

37.The disappearance of species and ecological systems erodes our ability to keep what is left. 

38.A study showed that the widest areas of Discovery Park appealed most to the public.

39.The fear of living organisms is becoming more worrisome.

40.Preventing the increase in children's fear of living creatures is also important for conserving biodiversity.

41.Research shows that more and deeper experience people have with nature will help save it.

42.Though humans naturally tend to avoid dangerous animals,today's children try to stay away from even harmless ones.

43.Development in and around Discovery Park could cause heavy losses to the park and the local residents.

44.A large survey of school children found that their negative feelings grew as their experience with nature diminished.

45.Elizabeth Lev believes increased contact with more wildlife helps conserve biodiversity.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 arebasedon the following passage.

Some people in the US have asserted that forgiving student loan debt is one way to stimulate the economyand give assistance to those in need.One government proposition is to eliminate $10,000 ofdebt for *economically distressed'students.Some in US Congress have gone so far as to suggest forgiving up to $50,000 in debt per student borrower,but does forgiving student debt necessarily correlate tohelping the economically disadvantaged?

The answer is no.This policy is just giving money away to universities and the most affluent students in attendance.Federal Reserve data reveals that the highest-income 40 percent of households owe approximately 60 percent of outstanding student debt,while the lowest 40 percent owe just under 20 percent.This could be due to a combination of factors:students from high-income houscholds are more likely togo to expensive colleges,less likely to receive financial aid,and more likely to have high incomes post-graduation.Plus,the majority of student debt is held by graduate degree carners,who carn approximately 25 percent more than their undergraduate counterparts.Clearly,giving free reign to banks to forgive student debt is a step in the wrong direction.

Other proposals for broader,long-term student loan plans have some fundamental problems.Oneidea is to cancel student debt only for undergraduate degres and for students making less than $125,000.

This attempts to address the fact that Congress'previously mentioned student loan forgiveness plan largely helps out the wealthy,but is an adverse incentive for universities to keep raising tuition and for students to choose to major in low-carning degree programs.Colleges have no reason to make their programs more affordableif they believe students will just take out more debt.And,students will feel more comfortable making the irresponsible decision to go tens of thousands of dollars in debt to major in impractical or idealistic subjects ifthey know their loans will be forgiven.

This is especially concerning given the pandemic (大流行病)has rendered a college education practically worthless.Students are paying tens of thousands of dollars per year to live at home and be lectured on the Internet.Dowe really want to tell colleges that they can get away with providing below- average service for anoutrageous cost?

In the case of any of these student debt plans,working-class Americanswho chose not to or could not afford to go to college will be subsidizing the education of the professional class.Plumbers and retai workers will be paying for the degrees of doctors and lawyers.

The US government's effort to help those in debt is commendable but is this really the solution that will help the poor financially recover?

46.Why do some people advocate forgiving student loan debt?

A)They assert it will narrow the gap between the wealthy and the poor.

B)They believe it will bencfit both the economy and the underprivileged.

C)They claimit will eliminate economic distress among college students.

D)They think the cost of education is the responsibility of the government.

47.What do we learn from the Federal Reserve data?

A)Approximately 60% of student debt remains unpaid.

B)Cancelling student debt benefits wealthy families most.

C)Forgiving student debt provides little benefit to universities.

D)Low-income familics owe the biggest amount of student debt.

48.What does the author say students are likely to do if they know they needn't repay their loans?

A)They will choose to study subjects without considering their job prospects.

B)They will be frce to pursue their goals without being burdened financially.

C)They will over-borrow and live beyond their means.

D)They will be able to enroll in expensive universities.

49.What does the author imply about colleges offering online education?

A)They cannot get away with the serious consequences.

B)They have suffered greatly from the current pandemic.

C)The tuition they charge is not justified by the quality of their service.

D)Thetuition they charge has surgedoutragcously during the pandemic.

50.What will happen if any of the proposed student debt plans is implemented?

A)Plumbers and retail workers will have a chance of becoming professionals.

B)Working-class students will have increasing access to subsidized education.

C)Blue-collar workers will have to bear thecost of educating would-be high-carners.

D)A growing number of students will be able to earn degrees in medicine and law.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

If there'sone rule that most parents cling to in the confusing,fast-changing world of kids and media, it's“No screens before age 2.

As of today,that rule has been thrown out the window.

The American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP),which first issued that recommendation back in 1999, has extensively updated and revised its guidelinesfor children and adolescents to reflect new research and new habits.

Thenew guidelines,especially for very young children,shift the focus from WHAT is on the screen to WHO else is in the room.And in doing so,theyraise some intriguingpoints about the future of learning from media.

For babiesyounger than 18 months,AAP still says no screens at all are the best idea—with one notable exception:Live video chat.Surveys indicate that families already popularly believe that“Face time doesn't count”,or at least that the benefit of virtual visits with grandparents or other relatives outweighs thepotential cost of exposing babies to the laptopor smartphone.

The AAP doesn't cite positive evidence that infants actually get something out of this kind of “conversation”,the way that they clearly do from live social interaction.But there's some observational research that infants as young as six months old are emotionally engaged by playing live peekaboo(躲猫猫游戏 )with Grandma online.

For infants and toddlers(学步儿童) ,ages 15 months to 2 years old,there's limited evidence from a couple of very small studies that they canlearn new wordsfrom educational media,if and only if parents are watching alongside them,repeating what the video says and/or drawing attention to what is on the screen.In other words,treating a video or an app like a picture book is the best bet.

The flip side of this is that many studies have actually shown poorer language skills correlated with carlier solo viewing of "cducational”videos.There's also research that shows language delays in children who watch more TV and start watching earlier.In both cases,the problem seems to be media replacing interaction with people.For this reason,the new AAP guideline has changed from“avoid all screens under age 2”to“avoid solo media use in this age group.”

For preschoolers ages 2 to 5,there's more evidencethat they have the ability to transfer knowledge from screens to the real world,including early literacy and math.For this age group,AAP recommends no more than an hour a day of screen use.And,just as with younger children,they want care-givers to take part in screen time:“Co-view with your children,help children understand what they areseeing,and help them apply what they learn to the world around them.”

51.What do we learn about the“No screens under 2”rule? 

A)It has met more and more resistance from parents.

B)It has proved helpful to children's healthy growth.

C)It confusesparents withregard to kids'education.

D)It has been discarded in line with recent research

52.What do the new AAP guidelines advocate?

A)Young children should be accompanied by parents during screen time. 

B)Parents shouldbe emotionally involved in their children's upbringing.

C)Young children should watch videos carefully selected by parents.

D)Parents should protect their children from too much mediaexposure. 

53.What do families think of live video chat according to surveys?

A)It should not be regarded as screen time.

B)It helps babies to develop their verbal skills.

C)It isnot as harmful as playing games on laptops.

D)It is a good substitute forvideo viewing.

54.What do researches find about kids solo viewing educational videos?

A)It arouses their interest in language learning.

B)It works no better than reading picture books.

C)It hampers their development of language skills.

D)It helps them acquire independent learning skills.

55.What does the author say about preschoolers ages 2 to 5?

A)They can understand pretty well what they see on the screen. 

B)They can learn on their own without much parental guidance.

C)They can make use of educational videos to develop digital literacy.

D)They can relate what they learn on the screen to real life situations.

26.B)【语义判断】空格所在句提到，企业全球战略家的任务是建立一个能力平台，从多地运营单位的资源、经验和创新中获取能力，然后把这些能力迁移到某些地方，系统地升级和更新它们，从而领先于竞争对手。备选项中的形容词appropriate“合适的，恰当的”用在此处表示“把这些能力迁移到任何合适的地方”,符合语境，故B)为答案。

27.D)【语义判断】文章第一段就指出，企业全球战略家要努力建设企业能力，使其领先于竞争对手。空格所在句则以苹果公司为例，介绍了其独特的能力，这种能力让它拥有了全球范围内的一种优势，根据上下文可推断，这里指的应该是“竞争上的优势”。由此确定D)competitive为答案。

28.A)【语义判断】空格所在句指出，苹果公司的产品融合了两方面的设计，functional“实用的”是其中的一个设计特征，那么空格处的形容词也应该用来描述某种特征，形容词中，aesthetic“美学的，审美的”符合文意，故答案为A)aesthetic。

29.L)【语义判断】空格所在句描述的是宜家建设企业能力的具体做法，他们以低成本设计、制造和_____家具，并以新颖的方式在瑞典销售。根据一般逻辑可知，设计和制造结束后应该就是“运输”“售卖”等环节，ship“(用船、飞机、卡车等)运送”符合语义逻辑，故L)ship为答案。

30.I)【语义判断】上文指出，宜家已经在国内实践了成功的商业做法，接着空格所在句指出，宜家在许多其他国家_____这一方法，说明它是把国内的成功经验再运用到其他国家中去。I)reproduced“复制”符合语境，故为答案。

31.J)【语义判断】空格所在句提到西班牙电信公司 (Telefónica)目前是世界第五大电信公司，介词by  在这里应该表方式，“从……方面/就……而言”可以衡量出它是第五大电信公司，复数名词中，revenues“(政府的)税收；(公司的)收益”用在这里表示“按收益来算”,符合语义，故答案为J)。

32.O)【语义判断】空格所在句提到，智利和阿根廷这两个国家与西班牙有许多相同的制度和文化特征，但正在_____更迅速的市场改革。动词的现在分词中，只有undergoing“经历”能与market reform搭配，且符合上下文语义，故答案为O)。 

33.G)【语义判断】上一句指出，前文提到的这些成功案例可能会让读者觉得创造全球优势是一件容易的事。空格所在句以but为转折，表示也有许多失败的实验表明创造持久的全球优势实际上需要技巧，也就是说，同样存在很多失败案例，G) instances“例子，实例”与前一句中的example相对应，且符合文意，故为答案。

34.M)【语义判断】空格所在句的意思是，创造持久的全球优势实际上需要大量的技巧，其中一个技巧是运营层面的，由此可知，空格处所填的形容词应该是和公司运行发展相关的，strategic“战略性的”符合文意，故为答案。

35.E)【语义判断】此处意思是：全球赢家通常是通过_____、更新和增强其核心能力的系统化过程来建立和维持其国际影响力。备选项中的exploiting“开发；利用”用在这里符合语义逻辑，故答案为E)。

36.【定位】由题干中的parents'aversion to certain animals和pass on totheir children定位到文章F)段第一句和最后一句。

F)【精析】细节推断题。F)段第一句提到，这项新研究确实含有一个意想不到的发现：许多接受调查 的孩子透露，他们的父母也对同样的动物表现出恐惧或厌恶。由该句中also和 the same animals可知，这些孩子和他们的父母一样恐惧或厌恶这些动物。该段最后一句强调该研究结果表明上一代对自然持负面态度的人数增加会导致下一代持类似态度的人数进一步增加。由此可以推知，家长对某些动物的厌恶会导致其孩子同样厌恶这些动物，题干中的parents'aversion to certain animals对应原文中的their parents also expressed fear or disgust of the same animals,题干中的pass on to their children是根据原文中lead to a further increase in people with similar attitudes in the next generation推断而出的结论 故答案为F)。

37.【定位】由题干中的species and ecological systems和our ability tokeep whatis left定位到A)段最后一句。

A)【精析】同义转述题。A)段最后一句提到，越来越多的研究表明，随着物种和生态系统的消亡，这也逐步削弱了我们保护剩余资源的能力。题干中的the disappearance of species and ecologica systems对应原文中的species and ecosystems vanish,题干中的erodes our ability和keep what is left分别是对原文中chips away at our ability和preserve what remains的同义转述，故答案为A)。

38.【定位】由题干中的the wildest areas of Discovery Park和appealed most to the public定位到J)段第二句。

J)【精析】同义转述题。J)段第二句提到，研究发现，公众对公园最荒野的地方最为欣赏，并从中获得了最大价值。题干中的the wildest areas of Discovery Park对应原文中的the wildest parts of the park,题干中的appealed most to the public是对原文中the public had the most appreciation for的同义转述，故答案为J)。

39.【定位】由题干中的the fear of living organisms和more worrisome定位到文章C)段最后一句。

C)【精析】同义转述题。C)段最后一句指出，最糟糕的情况是变成更加令人担忧的问题：“生物恐惧症”,即对生物的恐惧和对自然的完全厌恶。题干中的the fear of living organisms对应原文中的 biophobia和the fear of living things,题干中的worrisome是原文中concerning的近义词，故答案为C)。

40.【定位】由题干中的preventing the increase和also important for conserving biodiversity定位到G)段最后一句。

G)【精析】同义转述题。G)段最后一句提到，尽管许多保护生物学家仍然认为防止野生动物栖息地的丧失是保护生物多样性最重要的方法，但曾我昌史觉得防止生物恐惧症的增加对保护也很重要。题干中的the increase in children's fear of living creatures是对原文中increased biophobia的同义转述，题干中的conserving biodiversity对应原文中的conserve biodiversity和conservation, 故答案为G)。

41.【定位】由题干中的more and deeper experience、nature和save it定位到文章P)段第一句。

P)【精析】细节推断题。P)段第一句提到，这一不断发展的研究领域表明，拯救自然需要鼓励人们更频繁、更深入地体验自然。由requires encouraging可以推知，人们更频繁、更深入地体验自然对于拯救自然有所助益，所以才会需要鼓励人们这么去做，题干中的“more and deeper experience...with nature”对应原文中的experience it more often and more deeply,题干中的will help save it是根据原文中“saving nature requires encouraging...”推断而出的结论，故答案为P)。

42.【定位】由题干中的naturally tend to avoid dangerous animals和even harmless ones定位到文章E)段第三句。

E)【精析】同义转述题。E)段第三句指出，人类生来就会避开像蜜蜂这样的危险生物，但如今的儿童甚至还会躲避诸如蝴蝶和蜻蜓之类的无害昆虫，题干中的naturally tend toavoid dangerous animals和stay away from even harmless ones分别对应原文中的inherently avoid dangerous organisms和avoid even harmless insects,故答案为E)。

43.【定位】由题干中的heavy losses 和the park and the local residents定位到文章M)段第一句。

M)【精析】细节推断题。M) 段第一句提出，如果发生类似的事情，探索公园和西雅图人都可能失去一些至关重要的东西。由上一段可知，anything like that 是指开发探索公园的部分地区或周边地区。而J)段第一句表明探索公园位于西雅图，由此可以推知，题干中的当地人就是指西雅图人。也就是说，开发探索公园的部分地区或周边地区会令公园自身以及西雅图当地人损失重大。题干中的cause heavy losses对应原文中的lose something vital,故答案为M)。

44.【定位】由题干中的a large survey of school children和negative feelings grew定位到文章D)段第四句和最后一句。

D)【精析】同义转述题。D)段第四句提到一项对析木县5300多名学龄儿童的调查，研究了他们对14种当地昆虫和1种蜘蛛的看法。由5300多名学龄儿童可知，这是一项大型调查。然后该段最后一句指出调查结果发现学生对自然的体验越少，他们的感受就越负面。题干中的a large survey of school children对应原文中的a survey of more than 5,300 school children,题干中的their negative feelings grew as their experience with nature diminished 是对原文中the less experience the students had with nature,the more negative their feelings的同义转述，故答案为D)。

45.【定位】由题干中的Elizabeth Lev和 increased contact with more wildlife定位到文章N)段最后一句。

N)【精析】细节推断题。N)段最后一句指出，伊丽莎白·列夫表示如果我们能让人们了解到与大自然 更多类型的野生动植物进行更多接触所带来的意义和价值，那么也许我们可以停止这一循环，并朝着保护和恢复我们剩余资源的方向迈进。由此可以推知，与更多类型的野生动植物进行更多接触有助于保护和恢复我们的剩余资源，即保护生物多样性。题干中的increased contact with more wildlife对应原文中的having more experiences with morewild forms of nature,题干中的helps conserve biodiversity是根据原文中move toward conserving and restoring what we have left推断而出的结论，故答案为N)。

46.【定位】由题干中的some people advocate定位到第一段首句。

B)【精析】事实细节题。定位句指出，一些美国人断言，免除学生贷款债务是刺激经济、帮助有需要者的一种方式，而作者在定位段末句质疑这样做是否真的是在帮助弱势群体，可知主张免除学生贷款的人认为这样做有利于经济和弱势群体，故答案为B)。

47.【定位】由题干中的the Federal  Reserve data定位到第二段第三句。

B)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，根据美联储的数据，在未偿还的学生债务中，约60%是收入排在前40%的家庭欠下的，而收入排在后40%的家庭的欠款只占不到20%,而之前一句则说，免除学生债务只是给大学和最富裕的在校学生送钱，综合这两句可知，作者引用美联储的这一数据就是为了说明取消学生债务对富裕家庭最有利，故答案为B)。

48.【定位】由题干中的if they know和needn't repay their loans定位到第四段最后一句。

A)【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，如果学生们知道自己的贷款会被免除，那么他们更容易做出不负责任的决定，主修不切实际或理想主义的科目，而不惜签下数万美元的债务。由此可知，作者认为学生提前知道学费债务免除的后果，主要是导致他们选择的专业不实际。再结合该段首句中所说的，学生因此会选择主修低收入学位课程，概括而言，如果学生知道债务可以免除，那么他们就会不太考虑就业后的收入前景，主修不切实际的课程，故A)为答案。

49.【定位】由题干中的online education定位到第五段第二句。

C)【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，大流行病期间，学生们每年支付数万美元却只是待在家里，接受网上授课。在随后一句，作者批评这些大学收取高昂的费用而只提供低于平均水平的服务，可知其学费与服务质量不相匹配，故答案为C)。

50.【定位】由题干中的student debt plans和implemented定位到倒数第二段。

C)【精析】事实细节题。定位段首句指出，无论施行何种学生债务计划，都是让美国工薪阶层资助专业阶层的教育，随后采用举例的方式，说管道工和零售工人将为医生和律师的学位支付学费，也就是蓝领阶层将为高收入的专业人士承担教育费用，故答案为C)。

51.【定位】由题干中的“No screens under 2”rule定位到第一、二段。

D)【精析】事实细节题。文章首段第一句指出，大多数父母认为在孩子未满2周岁之前，应该限制孩子看屏幕。第二段第一句指出，但从今天起，这条规则就不适用了。由此可知，“未满2周岁之前， 限制孩子看屏幕”这条规则现在已经不提倡了，故答案为D)。

52.【定位】由题干中的new AAP guidelines和advocate定位到第四段和七段。

A)【精析】推理判断题。文章第四段第一句指出，这项新的指导方针，特别是针对非常年幼的儿童的部分，将重点从屏幕上的内容转向房间里的其他人。文章第七段第一句指出，只有当父母和孩子一起观看视频，并且对孩子重复视频中的内容，或者提示孩子注意屏幕上的内容时，孩子才能从教育媒体中学到新单词。由此可知，新指南提倡在看屏幕期间，年幼的孩子应该有父母陪伴，故答案为A)。

53.【定位】由题干中的families和live video chat定位到第五段。

A)【精析】推理判断题。文章第五段第二句指出，调查显示，美国家庭已经普遍认为“实时视频聊天没事”,或者至少他们认为云端看望祖父母或其他亲戚的好处要大于让婴儿接触笔记本电脑或智能手机的潜在危害。由此可知，调查表明，家庭认为实时视频聊天不应被视为屏幕时间，故答案为A)。

54.【定位】由题干中的kids solo viewing educational videos定位到第八段第一句。

C)【精析】事实细节题。文章第八段第一句指出，另一方面，许多研究实际表明，孩子语言技能较差与其早期单独观看“教育”视频相关。由此可知，孩子自己看视频，会阻碍他们语言技能的发展，故答案为C)。

55.【定位】由题干中的ages 2 to 5定位到最后一段第一句。

D)【精析】推理判断题。文章最后一段第一句指出，对于2至5岁的学龄前儿童，有更多证据表明他们有能力将知识从屏幕转移到现实世界，包括早期识字和数学。由此可知，2至5岁的学龄前儿童可以将屏幕上学到的内容与现实生活情境联系起来，故答案为D)。