偶尔用来括起一句中插入的或不重要的部分,譬如日期、资料引用来源、或一些从属于主要内容或与主题无关的内容。括号永远成双出现。例:Before arriving at the station, the old train (someone said it was a relic of frontier days) caught fire.
1. 破折号或连字号
破折号:
用来强调一个观点或引入一句解释性话语。但是不要滥用这个符号,否则它们就会失掉强调的力度。在计算机语言里,破折号一般由两个连字号构成,在这两个连字号之前、之后和它们自己之间都没有空格。例:To some of you, my proposals may seem radical--even revolutionary.
用来引入一个已经包含有逗号的同位语短语。例:The boys--Jim, John, and Jeff--left the party early.
可以看到,破折号与括号用途相同。
连字号:
当两个单词组合起来用做一个名词之前的形容词,这两个单词之间用连字号连接。例:chocolate-covered peanuts
如果这个名词在前面,不要用连字号。例:The peanuts are chocolate covered.
用于复合数词中。例:forty-five
用来避免句意混乱。例:He had to re-sign the contract. /He had to resign his job.
与前缀ex-(表示“以前的”)、self-、all-和后缀-elect连用,连接前缀与一个首字母大写的词,与数字或字母连用:
ex-husband/self-assured/mid-September/all-inclusive/mayor-elect/anti-American/T-shirt/pre-Civil War/mid-1980s