特别提醒

The format of its wall varied in accordance with the topography and defense requirements. In plains or key passages it was built very high and solid，while relatively low and narrow on high and steep mountains to reduce the cost of money and man labor. In impossible places the wall-like mountain ridges were included in as a part，termed as“steep mountain wall”，or cut into cliffs as part of it, termed as“cut mountain wall". 长城的城墙根据地形和防御功能的需要而建筑。凡在平原或要隘之处修筑得十分高大坚固;在高山险峻之处却较为低矮狭窄，以节约人力和费用;在一此无法修筑的陡峭之处.则采取了“山险墙”和“劈山墙”的办法。 In places like Juyong Pass，Badaling，and some in provinces of Hebei， Shanxi，and Gansu，the wall is usually 7一8m high，4一5m thick on top and 6- 7m at the bottom. Towards the inside on the top is a parapet wall about 1 m high in case of the soldiers' falling over，and that outwards is crenellated，about 2m high. The top of this side has breaches for watch，and holes below for shooting and sto- ning. In vital sections，the top is blocked by a series of crossing barrier walls in case the enemy climbed up. 在居庸关、八达岭和河北、山西、甘肃等地的长城城墙，一般高达7一8米，底部厚约6一7米，墙顶宽约4一5米。在城墙顶上，内侧设宇墙，高一米多，以防巡逻士兵跌落;外侧一面设垛口墙，高2米左右;垛口墙的下部设有望口，下部有射洞和擂石孔，以观看敌情和射击、滚放擂石之用。在有些重要城墙的顶上还建有层层障墙，以抵抗万一登上城墙的敌人。