大学英语四级改错题常考要点--代词
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    一、代词
    代词中主要讲解六个问题
    (一) 掌握代词的几种格
    主格、宾格、所有格
    名词前面用代词来修饰,只能用所有格(my books)

    (二) 反身代词
    当主语和宾语表示同一事物时,宾语使用反身代词。
    He killed himself. (他自杀了)
    He killed him. (他杀了他)

    例:Researchers(A) at the University of Colorado are(B) investigating a series of indicators that could(C) help themselves(D) to predict earthquakes.

    分觯篋错,应改为them。如果用反身代词themselves,指代对象是从句主语that(即名词indicators),这显然是错误的。从句意来看,help的宾语应该是主句主语researchers,故应用代词宾格而不是反身代词。注意C并没有错,情态动词could 比can语气弱,表示较小的可能性。
    Indicator为征兆,这些征兆帮助他们来预言地震。主语是征兆,后面指研究者,不是同一个事物

    (三) 代词的单复数,代词的性别
    在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有没有错。

    例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides(A) the waters(B) flowing into(C) the Atlantic Ocean from (D)it flowing into the Pacific.

    分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数形式。

    Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词用复数。
    Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
    Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品

    例:In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding(A) coined the word “normalcy” to(B) express social and economic(C) conditions they(D) promised the nation.

    分析:D错,应改为he。动作promised是由Warren Harding发出来的,故用第三人称单数he来指代。

    例:Many critics believe(A) that Amy Lwell' s most important work(B) is not poetry, but his(C) biography, John Keats, published (D)the year of her death. 

    分析:C错,应改为her。his指男性,显然是错误的,应改为her与后面的her同指Amy Lowell.


    (四) Who和which的区别
    which指代事物或者动物,who指代人
    who/whom son往往要改为whose son, whose可以指代事物

    例:The human body contains more(A) than six hundred muscles who ( B ) account for (C)approximately forty percent of(D) the body weight.

    分析:B错,应改为which或that。先行词不是指人,而是指物,关系代词不能用who,故改为which或that。
    人体前面加定冠词the, account for 占有多大的比例,解释说明

    (五) that和which的区别
    介词后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外

    例:When television was first introduced(A), the extent to that(B) it would affect(C) society could not have been foreseen(D).

    分析:B错,应改为which。The extent to which, 介词加which(引导定语从句),影响社会的程度没有被预见

    (六) 定语从句的特殊省略
    Reason后面有定语从句,中间往往省略why,
    Time后面有定语从句,中间往往省略when
    I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
    way后面有定语从句,中间省略了in which

    例:Research on pain has been neglected(A), although the mainly (B) reason people take(C) medicine is to(D) relieve pain.

    分析:B错,应改为main。mainly为副词,不能修饰后面的名词,故改为形容词main。句子中people take medicine修饰reason,定语从句引导词被省略

    例:Commercial expansion from city to suburb has 
    affected the way people in the United States----.
    (A) living and working
    (B) they live and work
    (C) live and work
    (D) to live and to work
    分析:选择C, the way people....影响了人们生活和工作的方式。

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