What is the meaning of addressing　什么是称呼的含意
     An addressing is a prefix or suffix added to someone's name to signify veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. In some languages, addressing may even be inserted between a first and last name (for example, Graf in German, Cardinal in Catholic usage or clerical titles such as Archbishop). Some titles are hereditary.
     Formal social addressing
     ·Mr-Formal male addressing
     ·Ms-Formal female addressing
     ·Mrs-Formal addressing for married females
     ·Miss-Formal addressing for unmarried females
     Addressing for heads of state and other leaders
     ·Chairman (from which comes Vice Chairman)
     ·Colonel (from which comes Lieutenant Colonel)
     ·Pontiff (the addressing held by the pope, pope being the position)
     ·President (from which comes such addressing as Deputy President, Executive Vice President, Lord President of the Council, and Vice President)
     ·Regent (The biarchs of San Marino are addressed Captains Regent. From this term also came the historical title Prince Regent.)
     Hereditary
     ·Chief-origin of Chief of Staff, Chieftain, Clan Chief, Hereditary Chief, and War Chief. The present head of Samoa is titled a Paramount Chief.
     ·Prince/Princess-Addressing often given to the sons and daughters of ruling monarchs. Also an addressing of the upper nobility in the Holy Roman Empire and its subsidiary territories until 1918. The German term for this addressing is Fürst which loosely translates as prince.
     ·Archduke/Archduchess-An historical addressing of the Habsburg Dynasty that ruled Austria and Hungary until 1918.
     ·Grand Duke/Grand Duchess. Historical addressing of the Romanov Dynasty that ruled Russia until 1917. Also used in various Germanic territories until World War I.
     ·Duke/Duchess
     ·Earl (Count outside the UK)/Countess
     ·Emir/Emira-Arabic Prince/Princess
     ·Emperor/Empress
     ·Baron/Baroness
     ·Marquess/Marchioness
     ·King/Queen
     ·Leader-The head of state of North Korea is addressed Great Leader. The de facto head of state of Iran is addressed Supreme Leader.
     ·Sultan/Sultana (title)-Arabic for "powerful ruler"
     ·Maharajah/Maharani
     ·Viscount/Viscountess
     ·Pharaoh
     选择称呼(addressing)要合乎常规，要照顾被称呼者的个人习惯，入乡随俗。在工作岗位上，人们彼此之间的称呼是有其特殊性(particularity)的。要庄重(solemn)、正式(formal)、规范(regulated)。在国际交往(international communication)中，一般对男子称先生(Mister)，对女子称夫人(Madame)、女士（Ms.）、小姐(Miss)。已婚(married)女子称夫人，未婚(unmarried)女子统称小姐。不了解婚姻情况的女子可称小姐，对戴结婚戒指的年纪稍大的可称夫人。这些称呼可冠以姓名、职称(professional title)、衔称(title)等。如"布莱克先生"、"议员(senator)先生"、"市长(mayor)先生"、"上校(colonel)先生"、"玛丽小姐"、"秘书小姐"、"护士小姐"、"怀特夫人"等。

     A doctor has the title "Dr" in front of his name.
     医生的名字前有"Dr"这个称呼。
     Sue is a diminutive of Susan.
     Sue是Susan的亲昵称呼。
     That's a name he may be worthy of.
     这个称呼他可能当之无愧。
     The title of Royal Highness is borne by the Duke of Edinburgh.
     皇家殿下这个称呼是由爱丁堡公爵创造的。
     The women's liberation movement adopted the designation as its own.
     妇女解放运动采用了这个称呼。
     What form of address should one use when writing to a bishop?
     给主教写信应该怎样称呼？
     How should one address a senator?
     如何称呼一位议院的参议员？
     How do you address foreigners?
     如何称呼外国人？
     We should address to judge as Your Honor.
     我们应当称呼法官为"阁下(或先生)"。
     Yes, could I have your name please?
     好的，您怎么称呼？
     How should I address her?
     我该怎么称呼她？
     He always addresses me with Sir.
     他总是用先生称呼我。
     An Ambassador is addressed as "Your Excellency".
     面对大使需称呼"大使阁下"。
     His ordinary designation is Sir William.
     他的一般称呼是威廉爵士。
     Does Beijing have a special nickname?
     北京有没有一个特别的称呼？
     This appellation pleased him.
     这个称呼很中他的意。
     They always addressed each other by their Christian name.
     他们总是以教名互相称呼。
Part 3　Let's Talk！　开始交流吧！
     Ben: Hi, Joy, why do you look so downhearted?
     本：嘿，罗伊，怎么看上去无精打采的呀？
     Joy: I was blamed by our boss.
     罗伊：刚刚被老板责备了一顿。
     Ben: What a pity! What's happening?
     本：太可怜了！发生了什么事情？
     Joy: I lost a big client, and make a great loss for our company.
     罗伊：我搞丢了一个大客户，并为此使得公司损失了很多钱。
     Ben: Did you do anything wrong?
     本：你做错了什么吗？
     Joy: Just because a wrong addressing.
     罗伊：只是因为一个称呼的错误。
     Ben: An addressing? Tell me in detail.
     本：一个称呼？说具体点。
     Joy: A lady was interested in our new development plan and wished to do investment, so our boss asked me to sign a contract with her. I thought she was married when I saw her and called her Mrs. She was very angry and told me that she hadn't got married, and therefore cancel the cooperation.
     罗伊：有一个女士对我们的开发计划很有兴趣并希望投资这一计划，老板让我去和她签合约。我见到她的时候以为她已经结婚了，就叫她夫人。结果她很生气，说自己还没有结婚，并因此取消了和我们的合作。
     Ben: Did she seem old?
     本：她看上去年纪很大吗？
     Joy: At least forty years old.
     罗伊：至少有四十多岁了。
     Ben: Well many aging people don't get married, so it is not enough to make judgment just from their appearances.
     本：不过现在很多年纪比较大的人都没有结婚，所以不能仅仅从相貌上判断称呼。
     Joy: Well what shall I call her?
     罗伊：那我应该怎么称呼这样的人呢？
     Ben: As for those women that you're not sure about their marital status, you can just call her Ms.
     本：对于不清楚是否已婚的女人，你只需要称呼她为女士就可以了。
     Joy: I kwon, but how could this addressing mistake lead to such a serious consequence?
     罗伊：我知道了，不过仅仅一个称呼的错误怎么会导致这么严重的后果呢？
     Ben: Different countries and individuals bear different attitudes towards addressing. Some people do care about the wrong title.
     本：不同的国家，不同的个体对于称呼的看法不同。有些人非常介意被称呼错。
     Joy: It seems that I should learn more about it in the future.
     罗伊：看来今后要多了解一些这方面的知识了。
     Ben: That is a fall into a pit, a gain in your wit.
     本：就当吃一堑长一智了。