What is chemical pollution in agricultural　什么是农业中的化学污染
     Chemical pollutants include a variety of substances created through combustion such as nitrogen oxide, carbon dioxide, lead, and sulfur. In addition, substances such as CFCs are considered to be chemical pollutants.
     Chemical pollution is emitted on a daily basis by thermal power plants, cars, mines, refineries, and other similar manufacturing facilities. Cement and metal processing such as that used to create steel also add chemical pollutants to the atmosphere, as does the manufacture of pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals.
     Many nations have enacted pollution control laws designed to reduce factory emissions through the use of filters and modernized facilities.
     Detergent as chemical pollutant: Detergent which we use in the washing are non biodegradable and when present in the environment they do not decay and will be present in the environment for ever. So Detergent are a major sources of pollution in the water bodies. They are to be properly treated before releasing to the environment.
     Insecticide as chemical pollutant: Insecticide we use like DDT is potentially harmful to the human being. The use of chemical insecticide is more increasing due to the pressure on the land. More produce is expected from the given land, so use of large scale insecticide is imminent. So when the residual insecticide is not treated properly it goes into the ecosystem and it is not clearly by the environment very easily. When they are present in the environment they get into the food chain and can cause many diseases like cancer.
     Heavy metal as chemical pollutant: Many heavy metals like Mercury, Chromium, lead is highly poisonous to the health. When they are present in the parts they are highly dangerous. They may cause many diseases including cancer and asthma Chromium which is mainly used in the lead tanneries, is the major pollutant of the water when the effluent of the tanneries are lead out into the water bodies. They affect aqueous living organism affecting the ecosystem.
     Until the 1950s most farming was carried out on smaller family farms that used organic fertilizers and essentially their waste production was easily assimilated by soils and receiving water bodies. The period post 1950 has seen a worldwide shift to larger monoculture, intensively operated farm units. The farm yields have increased dramatically, however, to sustain the increasing yields and productivity farms are using large quantities of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. At the same time, deforestation has occurred on a large scale since the 1950s and the deforested land has been converted to agricultural (mostly in developing countries) and urban (both developed and undeveloped countries) land uses. Also, a massive shift of population from rural areas to the cities has occurred in developing countries since the 1950s. Surface and groundwater quality degradation due to agricultural practices and conversion of land to agriculture can be categorized as follows: a) degradation due to land use conversion from native lands to agriculture； b) increased erosion and soil loss due to agricultural practices； c) chemical pollution by fertilizers and pesticides； and d) pollution from animal operations. Abatement of agricultural diffuse sources of pollution can and must be conducted in the context of moving toward sustainable agriculture. Some trends toward sustainable agriculture are already emerging in the US and Europe.
     食品污染(food pollution)是指食品在生产（包括农作物种植crops planting和动物饲养animal feeding、兽医治疗veterinarian treatment）、加工(process)、包装(package)和贮运(storage)过程中非故意加入食品中的物质，包括环境污染和生产加工过程中产生的（如霉菌毒素mycotoxin）。
     随着研究的深入，人们发现，从20世纪60年代开始广泛应用于工、农业中的各种化学制剂(chemical agent)、化肥(fertilizer)、高效杀虫剂(pesticide) 对环境的污染，导致了人类生殖力(fertility)下降，这些化学物质能够干扰人类雌雄激素(estrogen and androgen)分子。据统计，到20世纪末的50年间，男性的精子(sperm)数量减少了50％，甚至有人认为人类如果不加以控制，最后会被自己创造的化学物质所消灭。尽管这有点危言耸听，但环境中化学物质的危害应该引起高度重视。

     The program purpose is to reduce the pollution of agricultural products (mainly vegetables and fruits) and agro-environment (soil and water), e.g. caused by excessive use of agro-chemicals, organic and chemical fertilizers and from intensive livestock farming.
     项目目标是：减少农药、有机肥料和化学性肥料的过量使用、以及畜禽养殖过程中产生的畜禽粪污染对农产品（蔬菜、水果）和农业环境（土壤、水）的污染。
     Great efforts will made to monitor the rural environment and improve it in a comprehensive way of making a point of preventing and controlling agricultural chemical pollution.
     积极开展农村环境监测和综合治理，特别注意防治农业化学污染。
     The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/ leads to pollution.
     农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。
     Chemical pollutants released into water or spread through the air are often invisible to human eye.
     释放到水体中或空气传播的化学污染物通常是不可见的。
     One of the most disturbing aspects of the changes in Earth is the rate at which chemical pollutants produced by human activities, which are destroying the protective layer of ozone in Earth's upper atmosphere.
     地球上的变化最令人烦扰的方面之一，是人类活动所产生的化学污染正在迅速破坏地球上部大气圈臭氧保护层。
     Several decades ago, Americans dumped raw sewage into rivers and many industrial plants are now still dumping chemical pollutants into lakes, rivers and oceans.
     几十年前，美国人把未经处理的污物、污水倾倒入江河，许多工厂如今仍在把化学污染物倒入湖泊、江河和海洋。
     Studies of radioactive and chemical contaminants have taught scientists a great deal about the hazards of toxins and their threat to people and nature.
     对放射性物质和化学污染物的研究，使科学家认识到许多关于毒素的危害以及它们对人类和自然的威胁。
     The results show that there are hazards such as biological, chemical and physical contamination in the production of instant noodle sauce.
     结果表明，方便面酱包生产中存在微生物污染、化学污染、物理污染等危害。
     The soil has been poisoned with chemical waste from the factory.
     工厂里排出的化学废物污染了土壤。
     The lake water is tainted with chemicals from the factory, and the water is not fit to drink.
     从工厂流出的化学物污染了湖水，使得它不适于饮用了。
     The chemical companies are poisoning our rivers and affecting our agriculture with effluent.
     这些化学公司排出废水污染着我们的河流，影响着我们的农业。
     There are many toxic (poisonous) pollutants, but those studied most are radioactive elements and certain chemical compounds used to kill insects.
     污染物质有许多是有毒物质，其中对放射性元素和一些特定的用来杀灭昆虫的化学化合物的污染研究得最多。
Part 3　Let's Talk！　开始交流吧！
     Monica: Woo what attractive strawberry. It must be delicious!
     莫妮卡：哇，好诱人的草莓，一定很好吃！
     Helen: But we should wait for a moment.
     海伦：不过要稍等一下。
     Monica: Why?
     莫妮卡：为什么？
     Helen: I will wash it twice by fresh water and soak it with saline water for a while before eating.
     海伦：我要用清水洗两遍，再用盐水泡一段时间之后才能吃。
     Monica: Washing it by fresh water is understandable, but how about soak by saline water?
     莫妮卡：用清水洗我能理解，为什么还要用盐水泡呢？
     Helen: Because there are rudimental pesticides on the strawberry.
     海伦：因为草莓上有残留的农药。
     Monica: I just learn that there are chemical substances on vegetables.
     莫妮卡：我只知道蔬菜上有化学物质。
     Helen: In order to make fruits look prettier, many fruit growers apply many chemical pesticides.
     海伦：现在很多果农为了让水果看上去好看，于是添加了很多化学农药。
     Monica: Is that means these fruits are polluted by those chemical pesticides?
     莫妮卡：这样水果岂不是就被化学药物污染了？
     Helen: Yes, but these pesticides always maintain on the surface of fruits.
     海伦：是的，但是这些药物通常只存留在水果表面。
     Monica: What the function of saline water?
     莫妮卡：那么盐水的作用是什么呢？
     Helen: Saline water can have chemical reaction with certain substainces in pesticides and decrease its damage to people's health.
     海伦：盐水可以和农药中的某些物质发生反应，从而减少农药对人体的损害。
     Monica: I've never heard about this before, and never done that neither.
     莫妮卡：我之前从来没有听说过，也从没有这样做过。
     Helen: Although it is a little bit troublesome, it is for our health.
     海伦：尽管有些麻烦，但为了身体健康还是照做吧。
     Monica: I learn more today.
     莫妮卡：嗯，我今天又长了知识。
     Helen: It almost about time, we can eat the strawberries.
     海伦：时间差不多了，我们可以吃草莓了。
     Monica: Terrific, I couldn't wait any longer.
     莫妮卡：太好了，我都等不及了。