一、不定冠词
(一)不定冠词
不定冠词(a和an)只可用在可数名词单数前,意思是“一个”、“一本”、“一只”等。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是辅音开头,不是根据字母,而是根据读音。如:
a book 一本书 a monkey 一只猴子
a window 一扇窗 an hour 一个小时
a university 一所大学 an animal 一种动物
an old teacher 一位老教师 a new airport 一个新机场
university中的u读作/ju/,以半元音/j/开始,故其前应用a,而不用an。
1.不定冠词(a,an)表示数量“一”,指人、物或事情。
There are four seasons in a year.一年有四个季节。
There's a girl in the children's garden.儿童乐园里有一个女孩。
What does Tom's father do?He's an engineer.汤姆的父亲做什么工作?他是名工程师。
2.当第一次提及某人或某物,非特指时,用不定冠词“a”或“an”。
Take an umbrella.It's raining.带把伞,下雨了。
I want to ask a question.我要提个问题。
I'm going to buy a cup of coffee and a cake.我去买杯咖啡和一块蛋糕。
3.a或an表示同一类人或物,一般不译出来。
A horse has four legs.马有四条腿。
Football is a game.足球是种游戏。
An owl can see in the dark.猫头鹰在黑暗中能看到东西。
A teacher works in a school.教师在学校工作。
4.a或an用在表示时间或度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”的意思。
twice a day 每天两次 5 yuan a kilo 五元一千克
He goes to the swimming club twice a week.他每周两次去游泳俱乐部。
5.如果形容词修饰名词时,冠词要放在形容词的前面,用“a”或“an”取决于形容词的读音。
an orange 一只橘子 a big orange 一只大橘子
a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书
an island 一个岛 a small island 一个小岛
Tips:
1.物质名词如coffee,tea,rain,snow,wind,fog,fruit等,在表示“一种(一杯,一场)的意思时,常加不定冠词。
I would like a coffee. 我想要一杯咖啡。
There was a heavy rain yesterday.昨天下了一场大雨。
2.有些固定搭配必须记住的。
have a toothache 牙疼 have a walk 散步
have a rest 休息 have a lesson 上课
have a look 看一看 have a good time 过得愉快
have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧
have a party 有个聚会 have a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡
take a bath 洗澡 make a plan 制订计划
make a face 做鬼脸 make a living 谋生
make an effort 努力 make a mistake 犯错误
a little 一点,一些 a lot of 许多
3.有些与时间和方式有关的词语
after a time 一段时间之后 after a while 一会儿后
half an hour 半个小时 with a smile 微笑着
in a hurry 匆忙地 in a word 总之
in a loud voice 大声地 as a rule 通常
Exercises
2.1 Write “a” or “an” (在空格内填入a或an)
1.____ old city 2.____ airport 3.____ hour
4.____ honest boy 5.____ knife 6.____ island
7.____ apple pie 8.____ student 9.____ actor
10.____ umbrella 11.____ tall man 12.____ good idea
2.2 Read and complete (完成下列句子)
musical instrument flower vegetable river
supermarket class party famous painter fruit bicycle
1.A parrot is a bird .
2.An orange is ________.
3.A rose is ________.
4.I can't ride ________.
5.Mary works in ________.
6.A piano is ________.
7.On Children's Day they are going to have________.
8.Picasso was ________.