二、陈述句的否定式

表示否定意义的句子叫否定句，陈述句有两种否定形式：

（一）在be动词、助动词 will/shall/should ...和情态动词can，must ...后加not，便构成否定结构

I'm not playing with my pet dog.我没有与我的宠物狗玩。

This isn't my T-shirt.Those aren't my trousers.这不是我的衬衫，那些不是我的裤子。

Tom wasn't on the playground.His friends weren't，either.汤姆不在操场上，他的朋友也不在那里。

I am busy tonight，so I won't go to the Christmas party with you.我今晚很忙，不能和你一起去圣诞晚会了。

You have an earache.You shouldn't listen to loud music.你耳朵疼，不能听很响的音乐。

The crow can't drink the water，because the bottle is too long and thin.因为瓶子又长又细，乌鸦喝不到水。

Children mustn't play with fire.It's dangerous.孩子们不能玩火，因为很危险。

not和其他词构成的省略形式：

is not=isn't are not=aren't （am not没有缩写形式）

was not=wasn't were not=weren't

do not=don't does not=doesn't did not=didn't

have not=haven't has not=hasn't

will not=won't shall not=shan't can not=can't=cannot

must not=mustn't need not=needn't

（二）若谓语动词为行为动词，前面没有助动词或情态动词时，在谓语动词前加do not（一般现在时第三人称单数加does not，一般过去时加did not）来构成否定，动词全部使用原形

They want to fly a kite.　否：They don't want to fly a kite.

Jack likes dancing.　否：Jack doesn't like dancing.

Tom cleaned his room yesterday.　否：Tom didn't clean his room yesterday.

注：have/has的否定式

（三）1.have/has的否定式

have/has表示“所有”时有两种表达方法，have=have got，has=has got

I have a bicycle.=I have got a bicycle.

He has a ruler.=He has got a ruler.

但在表示否定句的时候：

I have a bicycle.　否：I don't have a bicycle.

I have got a bicycle.　否：I haven't got a bicycle.

He has a ruler.　否：He doesn't have a ruler.

He has got a ruler.　否：He hasn't got a ruler.

2.have/has不表示“有”，表示实意动词的时候，构成否定句时需要加助动词（don't/doesn't）

I have an English class at 10：00.　否：I don't have an English class at 10：00.

Tom has a headache.　否：Tom doesn't have a headache.

They have tea in the garden.　否：They don't have tea in the garden.

The boy has a sandwich for breakfast.　否：The boy doesn't have a sandwich for breakfast.

（四）带有否定意义的词never，no，neither，nothing，nobody，none，few，little，hardly，seldom构成的句子，本身已经具有否定意义，不应再加否定词

Tom never drinks milk.汤姆从来不喝牛奶。

Lucy hardly does exercises.Lucy几乎不锻炼。

Nobody is in the classroom.没有人在教室里。

There is little water in the bottle.瓶子里有很少的水。

Neither of the my parents likes this movie.我父母都不喜欢这部电影。

（五）祈使句的否定形式见祈使句章节

（六）其他否定词no，never，seldom，hardly也可构成否定式。

I have no water.我没有水。

I know nothing about it.我什么都不知道。

There are few students on the playground.操场上几乎没有学生。

He hardly drinks milk.他几乎不喝牛奶。

Tips：

not any=no

I don't have any water.=I have no water.

He doesn't have any milk.=He has no milk.

There aren't any girls in the classroom.=There are no girls in the classroom.

I can't smell anything.=I smell nothing.

I didn't see anything in the dark.=I saw nothing in the dark.

（七）含有always，often，much，many等词的肯定句变否定的时候，应将这些词分别改成never，seldom，little，few，如：

He always asks Mum for money.　否：He never asks Mum for money.

It often snows here in winter.　否：It seldom snows here in winter.

I have much homework today.　否：I have little homework today.

Tips：

在否定句中，连接同等成分的连词一般不用and，而用or；不能译为“或”，而要译成“也不”、“和”。

I don't have a pen or a pencil.我既没有钢笔也没有铅笔。

There is no air or water on the moon.月亮上既没有空气也没有水。

Don't eat or drink on the underground.在地铁上不要吃东西，也不要喝饮料。

The little boy can't read or write German.这个小男孩既不会读也不会写德文。

Exercises

11.1 Think and write （把下列句子改成否定句）

1.I've got a new school bag.

____________________________________

2.You should go.

____________________________________

3.Jerry does exercises in the morning.

____________________________________

4.We'll be late.

____________________________________

5.We did our homework yesterday.

____________________________________

6.He speaks German.

____________________________________

7.It rained last night.

____________________________________

8.I drank the milk.

____________________________________

9.My sister can play the piano very well.

____________________________________

10.Mary has a new tennis racket.

____________________________________

11.We have a party in the classroom.

____________________________________

12.Mary is planting flowers in the garden.

____________________________________

11.2 Read and complete （用动词的否定式isn't/haven't/don't/can't等完成句子）

1.They aren't rich.They ____ got much money.

2.—Would you like something to drink？

—No，thank you.I ____ thirsty.

3.I ____ find my cell phone.Have you seen it？

4.Frank ____ write letters very often.He prefers to use the phone.

5.We can walk to the underground station from here.It ____ very far.

6.—Where's Cici？She ____ in the classroom.

—I ____ know.

7.Be careful！____ fall.

8.We saw Transformers ：The Last Knight last night，but we ____ like the film very much.

9.I have an iPhone，but I ____ have an iPad.

10.Julie ____ be here tomorrow.She's in Hong Kong.

11.—Who broke the vase？—Not me.I ____ do it.

12.George wants to change his job.He ____ like his job.

11.3 Think and write （你问Gary一些问题，他的回答总是“Yes”或“No”。根据Gary的情况写出相应的肯定句或否定句）

1.Gary is not married.

2.____________________________.

3.____________________________.

4.____________________________.

5.____________________________.

6.____________________________.

7.____________________________.

8.____________________________.

9.____________________________.

10.___________________________.

11.___________________________.

12.___________________________.

11.4 Read and complete （用any或no+下列词语之一完成句子）

answer　difference　problems　friends　furniture

money　photographs　film　question　heating

1.Everything was OK.There were no problems .

2.They want to go on holidays but they've got ____.

3.I'm not going to answer ________.

4.He's always alone.He's got ________.

5.There is ____ between these two machines.

They're the same.

6.There wasn't ____ in the room.It was empty.

7.I tried to phone you yesterday but there was ____.

8.The house is cold because there isn't ____.

9.I can't take ____.There's ____ in the camera.