二、按词汇意义分类
1.延续性动词
(1)延续性动词可与“for+时间段,since+时间点”状语连用。
drink 喝 eat 吃 fly 飞 have 有 keep 保持 know 知道
lie 躺着 live 住 play 玩 rain 下雨 read 读 run 跑
sing 唱 sleep 睡觉 smoke 抽烟 snow 下雪 stand 站 talk 说
wait 等 walk 走 wear 穿 work 工作
We have known each other since childhood.自孩提时代我们就认识。
I have been living here for years.我在这里住了多年了。
Usually on Sunday I sleep until 11 a.m.星期天我通常睡到上午十一点钟才起床。
(2)延续性动词要表示一时的动作,可以在该动词前加get/begin/come to等。
It was not until I failed again that I got to realize my fault.
直到我再一次失败,我才开始认识到我的过失。
They began to see that they had made a serious mistake.
他们开始认识到自己犯了一个大错。
2.非延续性动词
(1)非延续性动词不能跟表示“一段时间“的状语连用。
admit 承认 arrive 到达 begin 开始 borrow 借 buy 买 break 打破
close 关闭 come 来 die 死 fall 倒 go 走 hit 击中
join 加入 jump 跳 leave 离开 lose 丢 marry 结婚 open 打开
put 放 start 开始 stop 停
We have come here.我们已经来这里了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?
3.不用进行时的动词
(1)表示事实状态的动词
belong 属于 consist of 由……所组成 contain 包含 depend on 依靠
exist 存在 have 有 hold 持有,保持 lie 位于
need 需要 own 拥有 possess 拥有 remain 停留
result 导致 resemble 像 stand 位于 want 缺乏
I have two brothers.我有两兄弟。(have 有,无进行时)
He’s having a meeting.他正在开会.(have 进行,可用进行时)
This house belongs to my sister.这房子是我姐的。(belong 属于,无进行时)
The house belonging to Mary is beautiful.玛丽的房子很漂亮。(belonging 是引导现在分词短语作定语,不是进行时)
The school stands about four miles to the west of that city.
这所学校位于那座城市西面大约4英里处。(stand 位于,无进行时)
She is standing by the door.她倚门而立。(stand 站立,可用进行时)
She is lying in bed with a severe cold.她因重感冒躺在床上。(lie 躺,可用进行时)
The town lay in ruins after a heavy bombardment.(lie 处于,无进行时)
在猛烈轰炸以后城镇成了一片废墟。
(2)感官连系动词
This milk tastes sour.牛奶(尝起来)酸了。(taste 尝起来,无进行时)
Mary is tasting the sauce.玛丽在品尝调味品。(taste 品尝,可用进行时)
These flowers smell good.这些花闻起来很香。(smell 闻起来,无进行时)
The dog was smelling at the shoes.那只狗正在嗅那双鞋子。(smell 闻,嗅,可用进行时)
Your hand feels cold.你的手(摸着)很凉。(feel 感觉起来,无进行时)
What was the blind man feeling for? 那位盲人在摸索着找什么?(feel 抚摸,可用进行时)
(3)表示结果的动词
(4)表心理活动情感状态的动词
agree 同意 believe 相信 care 在意 dare 敢
desire 想要 dislike不喜欢 despise 轻视 forgive 宽恕
forget 忘记 fear 害怕 hate 憎恨 know 知道
like 喜欢 love 爱 mean 打算 mind 在意
need 需要 notice 注意 prefer 较喜欢 recognize 认出
(5)动作为一时性动词
accept 接受 allow/permit 允许 admit 承认 decide 决定
deny 否认 determine 下决心 receive 接到 refuse 拒绝
(6)表衡量的动词
measure 度量 weigh 称重 cost 花费
I weighed 68 kilos three months ago.三个月前我重68公斤。(weigh“重达”,无进行时)
I was weighing myself this morning when he came in.
今天早上他进来的时候,我正在称体重。(weigh“称重”,可用进行时)
The room measures 25 feet across.这个房间宽25英尺。(measure“尺寸为”,无进行时)
They were measuring the depth of snow drifts.
他们正在测量覆雪深度。(measure“测量”,可用进行时)