Lesson 20
Pioneer pilots
飞行员的先驱
Listen to the tape then answer the question below.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the name of the first plane to fly across the English Channel?
In 1908 Lord Northcliffe offered a prize of $1,000 to the first man who would fly across the English Channel. Over a year passed before the first attempt was made. On July 19th, 1909, in the early morning, Hubert Latham took off from the French coast in his plane the 'Antoinette IV.' He had travelled only seven miles across the Channel when his engine failed and he was forced to land on sea. The 'Antoinette' floated on the water until Latham was picked up by a ship.
Two days alter, Louis Bleriot arrived near Calais with a plane called 'No. XI'. Bleriot had been making planes since 1905 and this was his lattes model. A week before, he had completed a successful overland flight during which he covered twenty-six miles. Latham, however, did not give up easily. He, too, arrived near Calais on the same day with a new 'Antoinette'. It looked as if there would be an exciting race across the Channel. Both planes were going to take off on July 25th, but Latham failed to get up early enough, After making a short test flight at 4,15 a.m., Bleriot set off half an hour later. His great flight lasted thirty-seven minutes. When he landed near Dover, the first person to greet him was a local policeman. Latham made another attempt a week later and got within half a mile of Dover, but he was unlucky again. His engine failed and he landed on the sea for the second time.
New words and expressions 生词和短语
pioneer
n. 先驱
lord
n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
Calais
n. 加来（法国港市）
overland
adj. 陆上的

1908 年，诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑，作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。1909年7月19日凌晨，休伯特.莱 瑟姆驾驶“安特瓦特4号”飞机从法国海岸起飞，但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里，引擎就发生了故障，他只好降落在海面上。“安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮，后来 有船经过，莱瑟姆方才获救。
两天之后，路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机，“11号”飞机是他制作的最新型号。一周以 前，他曾成功地进行了一次26英里的陆上飞行。但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。同一天，他驾驶一架新的“安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。看来会有一场激烈的飞 越英吉利海峡的竞争。两天飞机都打算在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。他这次 伟大的飞行持续37分钟。当他在多佛着陆后，第一个迎接他的是当地一名警察。莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试，飞到离多佛不到半英里的地方。这次他又遭厄 运，因引擎故障第二次降落在海面上。

★pioneer
n. 先驱
your pioneer
advocate
pioneer adult education

★lord
n. 对（英国）贵族的尊称；勋爵
lordless
lordship
lordly
duke
marquis
earl
viscount
baron

★Calais
n. 加来（法国港市）

★overland
adj. 陆上的
overnight
overpopulated
overseas
over+动词　表示超过
overeat
oversleep
overwork
overcharge
overestimate

the first man to fly across...
序数词和动词不定式to搭配连用可以代替其后的定语从句
She was the only one to survive the plane crash.

如果before所引导的时间状语从句之前出现段时间，则最佳翻译方法：才...

attempt in one's attempt
She failed in her attempt to swim the tunnel
make an attempt on make attempt to do
make no attempt

at that moment failed :break down
fail :失败、忽视
She failed to win the prize.
be forced to do picked up
with a plane :with 具有、带有
had been making planes.
during which ---- during flight

It looked asif: 似乎，看起来
It looked as if there would be a heavy storm.
make a short test flight
make another attempt.
【Key structures】
介词和关系代词搭配连用，当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能够把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面——正式
在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾
This is the person about whom I was telling you.
Is this the book for which you asked me?

决定介词位置的四个因素
１．如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略
２．非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾
３．有些代词＋介词，合成词组被看作是不可分隔的语言单位
这个时候介词必须紧跟动词，不可移位
take after account for...
４．在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起着状语作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于关系代词之前
He described it was a very agreeable situation located within two small hills
In the midst of two small hills,flowed a great river.

He described it as a very agreeable situations located within tow small hills in the midst of which flowed a great river.

Mrs.Ramsay received an anonymous letter in which the writer stated that Rastus was in safe hands.

1
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1. C正确
2. B正确
3. make another forced landing…迫降
4. C正确　序数词和不定式搭配连用
5. A正确　not till not until
6. C正确
7. D正确　pormised: 有什么的可能，有发生的迹象——好
8. A正确
9. no further: 修饰距离
　no longer: 修饰时间或长度
　no more: 修饰某物
　I can walk no further.
He no longer lives here.
I can eat no more.
10.D正确　The ship rode the waves.
hold water: 论点，观点站得住脚，说得通
11.A正确
12.immense: 修饰面积大得难以测量