[00:00.00]New Words
[00:00.82]新单词
[00:01.65]Babylon n.
[00:02.32]巴比伦(古代巴比伦王国首都)
[00:03.00]temple n.
[00:03.59]庙宇，专供某种活动场所
[00:04.18](the) Renaissance n.
[00:05.02]文艺复兴，
[00:05.85]ancient adj.
[00:06.52]古代的
[00:07.18]Greece n.
[00:07.85]希腊
[00:08.52]breakup n.
[00:09.23]分裂，崩溃
[00:09.95]decline n.
[00:10.64]下降，衰落
[00:11.34]usury n.
[00:11.96]高利贷，高利
[00:12.59]illegal adj.
[00:13.23]不合法的;非法的
[00:13.87]Belgium n.
[00:14.56]比利时
[00:15.26]function n.
[00:15.84]功能，作用
[00:16.43]complex adj.
[00:17.20]复杂的
[00:17.97]especially adv.
[00:18.66]特别地
[00:19.36]expand v.
[00:20.13]扩大
[00:20.90]partially adv.
[00:21.54]部分地
[00:22.18]Venice n.
[00:22.94]威尼斯(意大利港市)
[00:23.69]semi-public adj.
[00:24.53]半公立的
[00:25.36]Phrases & Expressions
[00:27.53]Roman Empire
[00:28.36]罗马帝国
[00:29.18]emerge from
[00:30.11]出现，冒出
[00:31.03]feudal system
[00:31.86]封建体制
[00:32.68]Middle Ages
[00:33.50]中世纪
[00:34.32]bill of exchange
[00:35.21]汇票
[00:36.10]regulatory function
[00:37.33]常规作用
[00:38.56]Z:Good afternoon!
[00:39.30]张：下午好!
[00:40.05]A:Good afternoon!
[00:40.84]全体：下午好!
[00:41.64]Z:Today I'll introduce something about the history of banking in the west.
[00:44.41]张：今天我要讲点西方银行史。
[00:47.18]Well, that's very interesting, the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4 000 years ago.
[00:50.63]这是很有意思的，最早的银行大约是四千年前在巴比伦建立的。
[00:54.07]They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans.
[00:56.41]实际上，那些银行只是一种收集存款并进行的放款的场所。
[00:58.75]S1:I see, but I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe.
[01:01.44]学1：我明白了，但我原来一直以为银行业务始于欧洲文艺复兴时期。
[01:04.13]N:No, it was much earlier than that. Then, there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome, too.
[01:07.20]周：不，比那个时期早多了。古希腊和罗马都有许多银行，
[01:10.27]It wasn't until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and commercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance.
[01:15.47]直到罗马帝崩溃和商贸业务的衰落，银行业才失去了它以往的重要性。
[01:20.67]S2:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?
[01:22.73]学2：中世纪时，放禁止放高利贷是怎么回事?
[01:24.79]Didn't such laws make it illegal to charge interest on loans?
[01:26.75]这些法律没有规定贷款收取利息是非法的吗?
[01:28.71]Z:Yes, they did, but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France,
[01:34.79]周：是的，规定了，但是这些法律在14，15世纪时逐步地改变了，银行的作用又在意大利和比利时开始出现，后来又在法国，
[01:40.86]Germany and England.
[01:41.90]德国和英国。
[01:42.95]S3:So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance.
[01:45.65]学3：所以实际上我们可以说，银行业在文艺复兴时期又重新开始了。
[01:48.36]Z:You are right. We can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period.
[01:51.90]张：对的。显而易见，银行的发展正是出于那个时期的需要。当欧洲从中世纪封建制度的禁锢中挣脱出来时，
[01:55.44]Commercial and financial transactions had once again started to become more complex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
[02:00.67]商业和金融交易再一次开始变得复杂起来了。
[02:05.91]S4:Could you tell us more in detail?
[02:07.19]学4：您能说得再具体些吗?
[02:08.47]Z:Yeah. For one thing, many banks started that way, especially in France and England,
[02:11.84]周：是的。一方面很多银行就是这样兴起的，特别是在法国和英国。
[02:15.21]but they gradually expanded their activities to handling deposits and loans,
[02:17.93]可是他们逐渐地扩展他们的经营活动，发展到从事储蓄，贷款，
[02:20.64]issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes;
[02:23.67]发行和买卖汇票，甚至发行他们自己的货币。
[02:26.70]for another thing, they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
[02:30.64]另一方面他们开始建立起部分储备制度，而这一点正是现代银行的主要特征。
[02:34.57]S5:When did the idea of central banks get started?
[02:36.64]学5：建立中央银行的想法是什么时候开始的?
[02:38.72]Z:Well, the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
[02:43.41]张：哦，第一个由国家政府部分拥有和控制的银行是1587年在威尼斯建立起来的。
[02:48.10]Then, the bank of England appeared. We could call them semi-public.
[02:51.06]后来英格兰银行出现。我们称这种银行为半公立银行。
[02:54.03]As a matter of fact, the central banks with specific regulatory functions were created in the middle of 19th century. OK, we call it a day.
[03:00.35]事实上在19世纪中叶具有明确常规作用的中央银行已建立起来。好吧!下课。
[03:06.67]A:Good-bye!
[03:07.17]全：再见!
