[00:00.00] cautious\ display\ accompany\ exhibit
[00:03.45]谨慎\展示\陪同\展示
[00:06.90]typical\ pull oneself together\ purchase\ nevertheless
[00:10.72]典型的\振作起来\ 买\虽然如此
[00:14.55]take to\ magnificent\ shed light to\ indicate
[00:18.22]喜欢上\宏大的\阐明\表明
[00:21.89]observe\ alarm\ reject
[00:26.91]Do animals fall in love?
[00:29.94]These striking tales suggest that they may,
[00:34.30]but read on and decide for yourself.
[00:37.96]DO ANIMALS FALL IN LOVE? by Jeffery Moussaieff Masson and Susan McCarthy
[00:46.79]Humans believe they know what love is, and value it highly.
[00:52.09]Yet many who study animal behavior are
[00:56.03]cautious about saying animals experience love
[01:00.89]preferring to say they are not displaying "true love",
[01:05.85]but simply following the dictates of their genes
[01:10.53]Is it really as simple as all that?
[01:13.77]What about the animals who stay together until one dies
[01:20.25]Evolutionary biologists
[01:23.59]often say that pairing is a way to ensure adequate parental care
[01:30.44]but it's not always clear this is the case.
[01:34.69]Some animals continue to accompany each other
[01:38.95]when not raising young.
[01:41.80]And they appear to exhibit sorrow
[01:45.25]or show a sense of loss when one of the pair dies.
[01:49.82]Konrad Lorenz, studying the behavior of geese, describes a typical example.
[01:57.66]Ado's mate,Susanne-Elisabeth was killed by a fox.
[02:03.27]He stood silently by her partly eaten body,which lay across their nest
[02:10.12]In the following days, he hung his head and his eyes became vacant.
[02:15.86]Because he did not have the heart
[02:18.61]to defend himself from the attacks of the other geese,
[02:22.84]his status in the flock fell sharply
[02:27.51]A year went by. Finally Ado pulled himself together and found another mate.
[02:35.45]Animals may fall in love dramatically.
[02:39.40]According to Lorenz two geese are most likely to "fall in love"
[02:45.36]when they have known each other as youngsters,
[02:49.06]been separated and then meet again.(1) He compared this to a man
[02:55.31]who meets a woman and -- astonished
[02:58.96]that she is the same girl he used to see running around in a school uniform
[03:04.53]falls in love and marries her.
[03:07.87]According to parrot specialist Sue Athanl
[03:12.63]it is common for some parrots to fall in love at first sight.
[03:18.32]Instinct may urge animals to love, but it does not say whom they will love.
[03:25.14]Seeking a mate for a male parrot
[03:28.48]Athan purchased a fine-feathered young female and introduced the two birds.
[03:35.41]To Athan's disappointment
[03:39.25]"the male nevertheless acted like the female wasn't even in the room."
[03:46.30]A few months later Athan was given an older female in extremely poor condition
[03:54.14]"She didn't have a feather from the neck down,".
[03:57.48]she says."Her feet were all twisted. She had lines around her eyes
[04:03.36]And yet the male thought she was the love of his life.
[04:08.89]The two birds immediately paired off and eventually produced young.
[04:14.01](2) Zookeepers know, to their despair
[04:17.44]that many species of animals
[04:20.57]will not breed with just any other animal of their species.
[04:25.74]Timmy,a gorilla in the Cleveland Zoo
[04:29.27]declined to mate with two female gorillas introduced to him.
[04:34.81]But when he met a gorilla named Kate
[04:38.26]they took to each other at once.
[04:41.42]When it was thouuht that Kate was unable to reproduce,because of her advanced age
[04:47.76]zookeepers decided to send Timmy to another zoo,
[04:52.60]where he might have a chance to breed successfully.
[04:56.86]Defending the zoo's decision to separate the animals, the zoo director said
[05:02.76]It sickens me when people start to put human emotions in animals.
[05:08.48]We can't think of them
[05:10.73]as some kind of magnificent human being: they are animals.
[05:16.32]When people start saying animals have emotions
[05:21.36]they cross the bridge of reality."Jane GoodalL.
[05:26.32]whose work has shed light on the emotional life of chimpanzees also writes,
[05:33.87](3) I cannot think of chimpanzees developing emotions, one for the other
[05:41.32]comparable in any way to the tenderness, protectiveness
[05:47.06]to lerance and spiritual joy that are the mark of human love in its truest and deepest sense
[05:56.39]Yet there is evidence of love in the devotion that members of pairs heap on each other
[06:04.54]Geese, swans and mandarin ducks are all symbols of marital faithfulness;
[06:11.20]field biologists tell us this is true to life
[06:16.48]Coyotes, often thought of as representing trickery,
[06:21.44]would make equally good symbols of devotion
[06:25.88]since they also form lasting pairs.
[06:30.32]Observations indicate that they begin to form pair attachments
[06:36.56]before they are sexually active.
[06:40.01]In his study of coyotes, Hope Ryden tells how pairs can be observed curling up together
[06:47.85]hunting mice together and greeting each other with elaborate displays.
[06:53.54]Ryden describes two coyotes mating. Afterward
[07:00.52]the female tapped the male with her paw and licked his face.
[07:06.16]Then they curled up to sleep
[07:09.53]This looks a lot like romantic love.
[07:13.29]Whatever distinctions may be made between the love of two people
[07:19.04]and the love of two animals,the essence frequently seems the same.
[07:25.81]An animal raised by another species
[07:29.33]will often show affection for a member of that species when it grows up.
[07:35.26]Gavin Maxwell tells of an otter called Tibby,who was raised by a man
[07:42.63]who lived on an island off the coast of Scotland
[07:46.86]and who got around with the help of a walking stick
[07:50.91]When he became seriously ill
[07:54.36]he took Tibby to Maxwell and asked him to look after the otter.
[07:59.40]The man died not long after.
[08:03.24]Tibby made a habit of escaping and visiting the nearest village.
[08:08.99]There she found a man who used a walking stick,
[08:14.26]She tried to build a nest under his house, but he chased her away.
[08:20.61]A short time later Tibby disappeared again
[08:25.57]One day Maxwell received a call from a person who had been alarmed by an otter
[08:32.13]that had acted strangely
[08:35.60]even trying to follow him indoors.
[08:39.44]"You don't by any chance use a walking stick,do you?"asked Maxwell.
[08:46.71]"Yes," he replied with astomshment in his voice,
[08:50.96]"but how in the world could you know that?"
[08:56.01](4)While the idea of love among animals
[08:59.95]has been generally rejected by science, doubts remain
[09:06.19]For stories such as these suggest that some animals may experience joy,
[09:09.68]谨慎 展示 陪同 展示典型的 振作起来 买 虽然如此喜欢上 宏大的 阐明 表明注意 使恐慌 拒绝接受
[09:13.17]love and heartbreak remarkably like our own.
