Unit 10 Text AUnit 10 Text B
[00:00.00]Unit 10 Text A
[00:04.49]Scientific Attitudes
[00:06.97]科学的态度
[00:09.46]Science had its beginning when man started asking questionsabout his environment.
[00:14.18]科学起源于人类开始对自身环境产生疑问的时候.
[00:18.91]He wondered where the sun went at night and why the sky was blue.
[00:22.84]人想知道在夜晚太阳去了哪里以及为什么天空是蓝色的.
[00:26.78]He questioned why the wind blew and the leaves fell.
[00:30.55]至于风为什么吹;叶为什么落,人也感到好奇.
[00:34.32]He thought answers to these and other questions.
[00:37.26]于是人就为这些以及其它问题寻求答案.
[00:40.20]Not all his answers were correct,but at least he did want to know.
[00:44.17]他得到的答案并不都是正确的,但至少那时的人确实是想了解答案是什么.
[00:48.14] Curiosity and Imagination
[00:50.82]求知和想象
[00:53.50]Science began to develop rapidly
[00:56.32]科学开始迅速发展起来
[00:59.14]when man laid aside-his wrong beliefs and began to seek true explanations.
[01:03.87]当人舍弃错误的想法并开始寻求正确的解释的时候,
[01:08.60]Young children are curiously about how things work.
[01:11.84]孩子们对事物是如何运转的感到好奇.
[01:15.08]The child wants to take apart a watch to see what makes it work.
[01:18.71]有的小孩拆开手表,看看是什么使它走个不停.
[01:22.34]Benjamin Franklin wondered about lightning.
[01:25.62]本杰明.富兰克林对闪电很感兴趣.
[01:28.89]He combined his curiosity with imagination
[01:31.77]他把求知和想象结合起来,
[01:34.64]and carried out his well-known experiment to show that lightning and
[01:38.61]进行了一次著名的实验,
[01:42.58]an electric spark are the same thing.
[01:45.56]证明闪电和电火花是同一种事物.
[01:48.54]Curiosity and imagination are important qualities
[01:51.57]求知和想象是两种重要发素质,
[01:54.60]which helps stimulate the discovery of new facts and advance science.
[01:58.99]它们有助于激励新事实的发现有效期推动科学向前发展.
[02:03.38]Belief in Cause and Effect
[02:06.05]相信因果关系
[02:08.73]Scientifically minded people believe in a "cause-and-effect" relationship
[02:12.66]有科学头脑的人相信"因果"关系.
[02:16.59]They feel there is a perfectly natural explanation for everything.
[02:20.12]他们感到任何一种事物都有一个完全自然的解释.
[02:23.65]For example,
[02:25.42]例如,
[02:27.20]there is a good reason why some leaves turn redand others yellow in the fall.
[02:31.29]对于为什么有的树叶在秋天会变红,而另一些树叶则变黄这一现象应有合理的原因.
[02:35.38]Changes such as these, which are easily observed,are called phenomena.
[02:39.15]像树叶变色被子人们完全理解,甚至有一些现象在今天还完全无法解释.
[02:42.93]Some common phenomena,however, are not completely understood.
[02:46.71]像树叶变色这样容易观察到的变化被称为现象.
[02:50.50]Still others cannot be explained at all at this time.
[02:54.03]然而,有些常见的现象还没有被人们完全了解,甚至有一些现象在今天还完全无法解释.
[02:57.55]In cases where the explanation is unknown
[03:00.38]在对一些现象的解释还不为人们所知的情况下,
[03:03.20]the scientific point of viewis that there is a reason if it can only be discovered.
[03:07.13]科学的观点是,其中必胡原因,只是尚未被发现罢了.
[03:11.06]Being Open-Minded
[03:12.98]心胸开阔
[03:14.90]Open,mindedness is also extremely important to a scientific attitude.
[03:19.33]开阔的心胸在科学态度中也是极其重要的品质.
[03:23.76]This mesns the ability to face the facts as they are
[03:26.88]这指的是有能力面对现存的事实
[03:30.00]regardless of what one has previously thought.
[03:32.78]而不管自己原来想法如何.
[03:35.56]It includes an ability to accept new
[03:37.93]这包括能够接受新的,
[03:40.29]and sometimes even disagreeable ideas
[03:43.23]有时甚至自己不赞同的观点.
[03:46.17]The worker in science must face facts whether they are pleasantor unpleasant.
[03:50.35]科学工作者必须尊重事实,不论这些事实是否令人愉快.
[03:54.53]He must expect many failures and be willing to try again.
[03:58.00]他必须预见到可能会有许多失败,但他大气愿再作尝试.
[04:01.48]Thomas Edison failed thousands of times
[04:04.72]托马斯.爱迪生在
[04:07.95]before he succeededin producing the first electric lamp.
[04:11.59]成功地制造出第一个电灯前就曾失败了上千次.
[04:15.22]The solutions to real problems cannot be seen in advance.
[04:19.04]解决实际问题的办法江不能预见.
[04:22.87]Scientists must be able to change their thinking
[04:25.55]科学家必须能够改变思路,
[04:28.23]and to adapt their theories to new facts as they are discovered.
[04:31.35]并使自己的理论符合新发现的事实.
[04:34.47]The mind cannot be made up once and for all
[04:37.55]思想不能一劳永逸,一成不变.
[04:40.63]New knowledge may make a change in thinking necessary.
[04:43.91]新知识使得改变思想很必要.
[04:47.19]This is another way of saying that man's understandingis always less than perfect.
[04:51.92]这也说明人对事物的理解总不能尽善尽美.
[04:56.65]What is accepted as true often is relatively,and not absolutely, true.
[05:00.42]被作为真理接受的东西通常是相对正确,而非绝对正确.
[05:04.20]A scientific truth offers an explanation that is acceptable
[05:07.53]科学的真理提供的某一种解释是可接受的,
[05:10.86]only in the light of what is known at a particular time.
[05:14.29]只是相对于某一特定时间内人们的知识水平而言的.
[05:17.73]Respect for the Views of Others
[05:20.46]尊重别人的观点
[05:23.19]Another part of a scientific attitudeis respect for the views of others.
[05:27.21]科学态度的另一个重要的方面是尊重别人的观点.
[05:31.23]This is easy when these views are like one's own.
[05:34.21]当别人的观点与自己的相符合时,这很容易.
[05:37.19]The difficulty comes up when their ideas are different.
[05:39.87]困难来自尊重与自己不同的意见.
[05:42.54]Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.
[05:46.72]全新或外来的观点也是接受起来很困难的.
[05:50.90]New ideas are frequently very slow to be accepted.
[05:54.29]新观点经常是很慢才被大家认可.
[05:57.67]Scientists such as Galileo, Louis Pasteur,
[06:00.84]像伽利略,巴斯德
[06:04.02]and Edward Jenner were laughed at
[06:06.25]和金纳这些大科学家
[06:08.48]because they held theories that were not accepted.
[06:11.11]因为自己的理论不被接受而曾受人嘲笑.
[06:13.73]Respect for new ideas is important for continued progressin all fields of knowledge.
[06:18.57]所以尊重新观点对在所有知识领域里不断取得进步都很重要.
[06:23.40]Opinions Based on Evidence
[06:25.72]观点应有根据
[06:28.05]Sometimes evidence is not complete.
[06:30.94]有时证据并不充分.
[06:33.82]It may take time for new facts to become available.
[06:37.09]新事实的获得可能需要一段时间,
[06:40.35]When they are available, a person may have to change his mind.
[06:43.17]而在获得了这些事实以后,人们可能会改变主意.
[06:46.00]New findings may also require a "wait-and-see" attitude.
[06:49.72]新发现也需要一种"等着瞧"的态度.
[06:53.44]For example, there is an experiment on the sprouting of seeds
[06:56.63]例如,有一个关于种子发芽的
[06:59.81]which has been running for more than 50 years.
[07:02.74]研究实验曾进行了50多年.
[07:05.67]The purpose is to determine how long a time
[07:08.54]实验的目的是
[07:11.41]seeds can be buried in the ground
[07:13.59]要发现种子在地下可以埋藏多久
[07:15.77]and still grow when proper conditions for growth exist.
[07:19.35]以后仍能在适宜生长的条件下发芽.
