[00:16.00]第一单元 课文A

[00:32.00]on the other hand

[00:35.76]How to Be a Successful Language Learner?

[00:37.89]怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者

[00:40.02]"Learning a language is easy.Even a child can do it!"

[00:42.75]“学好一种语言很容易。连孩子都做得到!”

[00:45.48]Most adults who are learning a second language

[00:47.56] 大多数学习第二语言的成年人

[00:49.63]would disagree with this statement.

[00:51.51]不会同意这一说法。

[00:53.39]For them,learning a language is a very difficult task.

[00:55.97] 对于他们来说，学习语言是一项很困难的任务。

[00:58.54]They need hundreds of hours of study and practice,

[01:00.83]他们需要数百小时的学习和练习，

[01:03.11]and even this will not guarantee success

[01:05.44]就是这样也不能保证

[01:07.76]for every adult language learner.

[01:09.75]每一位成年语言学习者都能成功。

[01:11.73]Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.

[01:14.11]语言学习不同于基它种类的学习。

[01:16.49]some people who are very intelligent

[01:18.41]有些很聪明并在自己领域

[01:20.33]and successful in theier fields find it difficult

[01:22.70]很有成就的人却发现

[01:25.08]to succeed in language learing.

[01:26.96]学好语言很难。

[01:28.84]Conversely,some people who are successful language learners

[01:31.62]相反，有些成功的语言学习者

[01:34.41]find it difficult to succeed in other fields.

[01:36.78]发现他们在其它领域取得成就也很难。

[01:39.16]Language teachers often offer advice to language learners;

[01:41.64]语言教师通常给语言学习者提出建议：

[01:44.12]"Read as much as you can in the new language."

[01:46.36]“尽量多读外语。”

[01:48.59]"Practice speaking the language every day."

[01:50.56]“每天练习说外语。”

[01:52.54]"Live with people who speak the language."

[01:54.46]“和说外语的人多接触。”

[01:56.38]"Don't translate--try to think in the new language."

[01:59.05]“不要翻译——努力用外语思维。”

[02:01.73]"Learn as a child would learn;play with the language."

[02:04.21]“像孩子那样学习;轻轻松松学语言。”

[02:06.69]But what does a successful language learner do?

[02:08.93]可是成功的语言学习者是怎么做的呢?

[02:11.16]Language learning research

[02:12.78]语言学习研究表明，

[02:14.40]shows that successful language language learners are similar in many ways.

[02:17.22]成功的语言学习者许多方面是相似的。

[02:20.04]First of all,successful language learners are independent learners.

[02:23.07]首先，成功的语言学习者是独立的学习者。

[02:26.10]They do not depend on the book or the teacher;

[02:28.34]他们不依赖书本或老师;

[02:30.57]they discover their own way to learn the language.

[02:32.75]他们找到自己学外语的方法。

[02:34.93]Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain,

[02:37.11]他们不等着老师去解释，

[02:39.29]they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves.

[02:41.82]而是自己努力去找出句型和规则等。

[02:44.34]They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions.

[02:47.52]他们很会猜测，会找出线索并得出自己的结论。

[02:50.71]When they guess wrong,they guess again.

[02:52.75]要是猜错了，他们会再猜。

[02:54.79]They try to learn from their mistakes.

[02:56.76]他们会努力从自己的错误中学到东西。

[02:58.73]Successful language learning is active learning.

[03:01.21]成功的语言学习是积极主动的学习。

[03:03.69]Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language;

[03:06.93]因此，成功的语言学习者不坐等说外语的机会;

[03:10.17]they look for such a chance.

[03:11.95]他们会寻找这样的机会。

[03:13.72]They find people who speak the language

[03:15.60]他们找到那些说外语的人

[03:17.49]and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake.

[03:20.12]并请他们纠正自己犯的错误。

[03:22.76]They will try anything to communicate.

[03:24.68]他们会尽一切努力与人交流。

[03:26.60]They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange thing;

[03:29.38]他们不害怕重复所听到东西，也不担心自己会说些莫名其妙的话。

[03:32.17]they are willing to make mistakes and try again.

[03:34.39]他们情愿犯些错误，然后再重来。

[03:36.61]When communication is difficult,

[03:38.38]在交流有困难时，

[03:40.16]they cna accept information that is inexact or incomplete.

[03:42.64]他们能够接受不准确或不完整的信息。

[03:45.12]It is more important for them

[03:46.95]于他们来说，

[03:48.78]to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word.

[03:51.81]用外语思维比了解每个词的意思更为重要。

[03:54.84]finally,successful language learners are learners with a purpose.

[03:57.68]最后，成功的语言学习者是目的明确的学习者。

[04:00.51]They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language

[04:03.38]他们是因为对外语和说外语的人

[04:06.26]and the people who speak it .

[04:07.84]感兴趣才学外语的。

[04:09.42]It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people

[04:12.45]他们认为有必要学习外语以便

[04:15.48]and to learn from them.

[04:17.01]能与说外语的人交流并向他们学习。

[04:18.53]They find it easy to practice using the language regularly

[04:20.87]所以他们感到经常练习说外语并不难。

[04:23.21]because they want to learn with it.

[04:24.99]因为他们想利用外语学习新东西，

[04:26.76]What kind of language learner are you?

[04:28.59]你是哪一种语言学习者呢?

[04:30.42]If you are a successful language learner,

[04:32.34]你若是一名成功的语言学习者，

[04:34.26]you have probably been learning independently,

[04:36.55]你大概一直在独立地、

[04:38.83]actively,and purposefully.

[04:40.66]主动地、目的明确地学习。

[04:42.49]On the other hand,if your language learning has been less than successful,

[04:45.31]反之，如果你的外语学得一直不太成功，

[04:48.13]you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.

[04:50.72]你不妨试试上面概括的一些技巧。

[04:54.92]课文 B

[04:56.54]Language

[04:58.12]语言

[04:59.70]when we want to tell other people what we think,

[05:02.22]当我们要把自己的想法告诉别人时，

[05:04.74]we can do it not only with the help of words,but also in many other ways.

[05:08.83]我们不仅可以借助于词语，还可用许多其它方法。

[05:12.92]For instance,We sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes"

[05:16.94]比方说，我们想说“是”的时候通常点点头;

[05:20.97]and we move our heads from side to side when we want to say"no"

[05:24.21]而想说“不”的时候就摇摇头。

[05:27.44]People who can neither hear nor speak (that is,deaf and dumb people)

[05:31.42]那些既听不见也不能说的人(即聋哑人)

[05:35.39]talk to each other with the help of their fingers.

[05:38.12]则用手势相互交谈。

[05:40.85]People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same.

[05:44.63]人们彼此语言不通时也这么做。

[05:48.42]The following story shows how they sometimes do it.

[05:51.35]下面的故事就表现他们有时是这么做的。

[05:54.27]An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.

[05:57.96]有一次，一位不会说意大利语的英国人曾在意大利旅行。

[06:01.64]One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table.

[06:05.18]一天他走进一家钣店并坐在一张桌旁。

[06:08.72]When the waiter came,the Englishman opened his mouth,

[06:11.75]当侍者走过来时，这位英国人张开嘴，

[06:14.78]put his fingers in it,took them out again and moved his lips.

[06:18.66]把手指放在嘴里，又拿了出来，并动了动嘴唇。

[06:22.54]In this way he meant to say, "Bring me something to eat."

[06:26.22]他想以此说，“给我拿点吃的来。”

[06:29.90]The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea.

[06:32.63]侍者很快给他端来一杯茶。

[06:35.36]The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea,

[06:39.75]这位英国人摇摇头，侍者明白了他并不想要茶。

[06:44.14]so he took it away and brought him rome coffee.

[06:46.92]于是他把茶端走又给他端来了咖啡。

[06:49.70]The Englishman,who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty,

[06:53.53]这位英国人这时已非常锇但一点也不渴，

[06:57.36]looked very sad.

[06:59.40]所以他看上去很不高兴。

[07:01.43]He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink.

[07:04.92]侍者每次给他端来喝的东西时，他都摇摇头。

[07:08.41]The waiter brought him wine,then beer,

[07:11.53]侍者给他端来了葡萄酒，接着是啤酒，

[07:14.65] then soda-water,but that wasn't food,of course.

[07:17.83]然后是苏打水，可这些当然都不是吃的。

[07:21.00]He was just going to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in.

[07:24.79]他正要离开时，另一位旅客进来了。

[07:28.57]When this man saw the waiter,he put his hands on his stomach.

[07:32.21]这个人看到了侍者就把双手放到肚子上。

[07:35.84]That was enough: in a few minutes

[07:38.71]这就足够了：几分钟之后

[07:41.58]there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him.

[07:45.32]一大盘通心粉和肉就摆在了他面前。

[07:49.05]As you see,the primitive language of signs is not always very clear.

[07:53.59]可见，这种原始的确良手势语言不总是非常明确的。

[07:58.12]The language of words is much more exact.

[08:01.35]词语的语言要准确得多。

[08:04.57]Words consist of sounds,

[08:07.21]词语由声音组成

[08:09.85]but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words.

[08:13.68]然而有许多声音虽有一定的意义却不是词语。

[08:17.50]For example,we may say "Sh-sh-sh" when we mean "keep silent."

[08:21.58]例如，我们想说“保持安静”时就会说“嘘——嘘——嘘”。

[08:25.65]When babies laugh,we know they are happy,

[08:28.49]当婴儿笑时，我们知道他们很高兴。

[08:31.32]and when they cry,we know they are iii or simply want something.

[08:34.59]当他们哭时，我们知道他们病了或只是想要某个东西。

[08:37.85]It is the same with animals.

[08:40.35]动物也是这样。

[08:42.84]When a dog says "G-r-r" or a cat says "F-f-f" we know they are angry.

[08:47.41]当一条狗发出，“G——r——r”的声音或一只猫发出“F——f——f”的声音时，我们知道它们生气了。

[08:51.98]But these sounds are not language.

[08:54.66]但是这些声音不是语言。

[08:57.34]Language consists of words which we put together into sentences.

[09:01.06]语言是由我们用于组成句子的词语组成的。

[09:04.78]But animals can not do this:a dog can say "G-r-r" when he means "I am angry,"

[09:08.96]可是动物不会这么做么：狗想说“我生气了”时会叫“G——r——r”，

[09:13.14]but he cannot say first "I' and then "am" and then "angry."

[09:17.41]但它不能说“我”，然后说“生气”，然后说“了”。

[09:21.68]A parrot can talk like a man;

[09:23.87]鹦鹉可以像人一样说话;

[09:26.05]it can repeat whole sentences and knows what they mean.

[09:29.38]它可以重复整句话，也知道这句话意思。

[09:32.71]We may say that a parrot talks,but cannot say that it really speaks,

[09:36.84]我们可以说鹦鹉学舌，但我们不能说它真正会说话，

[09:40.96]because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows.

[09:44.93]因为它不能用所知道的词语组成新的句子。

[09:48.90]Only man has the power to do this.

[09:51.48]只有人才有这种能力。