9-4 The Information Age Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
My topic today is "Information- A Valuable Commodity," ;
Let us take a look at the most important commodity is the world information. ;
The advancement of communication technology has given us the ability to ;
know and understand what is going to in any part of the world at any given time. ;
It has become imperative for us to understand the implications of ;
economic and political change and the impact that this has on foreign exchange rates ;
and the stock market. Financial institutions have put great emphasis on developing ;
technology that will enable us to have the edge on our competitors ;
in terms of analyzing the global information and distributing this to our customer base. ;
The growth in the number of independent news companies ;
combined with improved telecommunication has led to a boom in the level of coverage of ;
breaking news and a drop in the cost of obtaining that information. ;
Thus,the proprietary knowledge that was previously possessed by dealers ;
is now generally available to non-bank financial institutions and corporations. ;
This change immediately has led to a narrowing in the profit margin being ;
made from customer business and greater competition among ;
ealers for that business.Customers have been marketed more intensely ;
by an increasing number of financial institutions. ;
The corporate customer now receives more information analysis ;
and opinion from such a wide range of market players ;
that they themselves have more information available to them than ;
some of the lesser financial institutions. ;
The general response of customers to this huge flow of information ;
led to an increase in the level of business transacted as they seek to ;
take advantage of market opportunities. ;
The dramatic increase in information flow has been a key ;
influential factor in the financial market over the last 20 years. ;
My next lecture will focus on electronic dealing and broking, ;
and their impact on the marketplace.Your attendance is most welcome. ;
Sentences in Focus ;
Interpret the following sentences from English into Chinese: ;
1.Although the languages of various regions are so different ;
that they are mutually unintelligible, ;
they have a great deal in common in their basic principles, ;
and in the way they approach certain specific problems of communication. ;
2.One of the wonders about language and language use is that ;
with a finite set of rules speakers can produce and understand an infinite set of sentences, ;
3.The creative aspect of human language is not found in the communication system ;
of any other species. That is,human beings have the ability to ;
combine basic linguistic units to form an infinite set ;
of grammatical sentences,most of which are novel, ;
never before produced or heard. ;
4.The difference between a human brain and a computer can be ;
expressed in a single word:complexity, ;
5.The many billions of brain cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated ;
network that we can I begin to interpret as yet. ;
6.While the computer switch is just an on-off device, ;
the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex inner structure. ;
7.Our gene "program" is so much more enormously complex ;
that we might like to define "thinking" in terms of our creativity ;
in literature,art, science and technology. ;
8.The point of concern is that while programming the computer, ;
mankind is not only creating a servant, but also a threatening rival. ;
9.What I want to focus on is the principles that underlie computer programming. ;
10.New breakthroughs in biomedical technology are announced daily; ;
achievements such as the completion of the human genome project ;
portend much more serious changes to come. ;
11.We don't have to await the arrival of human genetic engineering ;
to foresee a time when we will be able to enhance intelligence, ;
memory,emotional sensitivity,as well as manipulate behavior in a host of other ways. ;
12.While many medical advances have ;
increased the quality of life for older people, ;
many have bad the opposite effect by prolonging only one aspect of life and ;
increasing dependency. ;
13.We could find ways to preserve bodily health but would fail ;
to put off age related mental deterioration. ;
14.Stem cell research might yield ways to grow new body parts, ;
but without a parallel curer for Alzheimer's. this wonderful new technology ;
would do no more than allow more people to persist in vegetative states for years ;
longer than is currently possible. ;
15.I should thank you for the privilege of speaking here and ;
for ensuring me such an attentive audience, ;
16.The advancement of telecommunication technology has given us the ability to ;
know and understand what is going on in any part of the world at any given time. ;
17.It has become imperative for us to understand the implications of ;
economic and political change and the impact that this has on the market of stocks, ;
securities and futures. ;
18.The dramatic increase in information flow ;
has been a major influential factor in the financial market over the last decade. ;
Unit 10 Interpreting Academic Speeches Chinese- English Interpretation ;
10-1 On Cultural Clashes Text for interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
主席先生：能有机会在研 讨会以“文化冲突与融合 ” 为题进行发言，我谨向您 表示感谢。 ;
约翰逊博士在他的讲话中 提出了“冲突论”的见解 。 约翰逊博士的理论是建筑 在这样一种观点之上的： ;
他认为在后冷战时期， 全球冲突源于文化冲突， 而文化冲突的焦点集中在 宗教和信仰的不同， ;
而非意识形态的不同，也 不是国与国之间在经济与 政治上的对抗。他认为同 属一个文明圈的国家将在 ;
冲突中集合在一起，信奉 儒教和伊斯兰教的国家将 站在同一条战线上，与 西方国家和世界其他地区 ;
形成对抗，我对这样一种 观点深感不安。 约翰逊博士的冲突论表明 了许多西方国家对东亚， ;
尤其对中国近年来经济 持续增长的一种失望而 又焦虑的心情，同时 反映了人们对西方文明 ;
的一种与日俱增的困惑 感和信心缺乏症状。 ;
我们承认不同文化之间 的巨大差异，这些差异 有时可能会引起磨擦。 ;
然而，将这种磨擦夸大 其词为世界政治冲突和 战争是一种误导，是很 危险的。 ;
倘若这种冲突对决策 产生影响作用，其危险 性便越大。 ;
一些西方人士认为， 其他国家的现代化意味 着对西方经济，政治和 社会制度与价值观念 ;
仿效。我认为，现代化 不意味着西方化。事实 上，亚洲的经济成功使 亚洲人民觉悟起来， ;
产生了文化认同感。 他们开始重新思考西 方的社会与政治模式 ;
是否适合用于他们本 国，他们是否应该建立 起自己的社会与政治 发展模式。 ;
我认为，西方模式只是 通往现代化的一种途径， 全然不是唯一的途径， ;
或许很可能不是一条 最佳途径。 ;
中国以及其他一些亚洲 国家的经济成功不是 简单模仿现代西方文明 的结果; ;
恰恰相反，我们的成功 代表了一种新文化的 诞生， ;
它代表了一种集东西方 传统的优点之大成的新 价值体系。 ;
我赞同许多东亚学者的 观点，东方文明可以医 治盛行于西方世界的 一些顽疾。 ;
西方世界个人自由的 泛滥导致了极端个人 主义，性关系混乱以及 过度的暴力行为， ;
对此我们决不可视而不 见。相反，东方社会的 自我约束性，集体责任 感以及温厚儒雅的传统 ;
倒可以消除西方社会的 许多恶疾。 在这个信息时代，世界 已缩小为一个地球村。 ;
这个地球村里，不再有 什么泾渭分明的东方 世界和西方世界， ;
我们是生活在同一个 社区里的邻里。因此， 我们彼此之间无需相互 冲突。 ;
我们之间的关系是一种 友好合作，平等互补 的关系。我们应该相互 理解，相互学习， ;
和睦相处。 我的发言到此结束， 谢谢主席先生。 ;
10-2 Communicative Competence ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
人们聚在一起，无论做 什么总离不了说话。 我们生活在语言的世界 里。我们对家人说话， ;
对亲属说话，对朋友说 话，对同事说话，我们 还对陌生人说话。我们 面对面说话， ;
我们在电话里说话，我 们回答时还要说话。 ;
电话机和收音机在言语 海洋里起着推波助澜的 作用。除了睡觉之外， ;
我们很少有不说话的时 候，我们甚至在睡梦中 也会说话。有些人在 睡眠时会大声说话。 ;
我们还会自言自语，有 时会对宠物说话。有时 对自己说话。 ;
我们是这个星球上唯一 能说话的动物。 拥有语言，确切地说是 拥有创造性的语言， ;
较之任何其他属性更能 将人类同其他动物区别 开来。 ;
要理解人类就必须理解 那种使我们成为人的语 言。 ;
懂一种语言使你可以说 这门语言，你说的话也 可以被其他懂这种语言 的人听懂。 ;
这意味着你能够发出 表示某种概念或意义的 声音，能够听懂或解释 其他人发出的声音。 ;
因此，懂得一种语言 不仅指了解这种语言 包含了哪些语音， ;
而且还指了解语音与 意义的关系。 你如果不懂某种语言， ;
别人用这种语言和你 说话时发出的声音你 基本上无法理解， ;
这是因为大部分语音 与语义之间的关系是 任意确定的。 ;
懂得一种语言能使你 谴词造句。懂得一种 语言意味你能够说出 前人未说过的话， ;
也能听懂在此之前无 人说过的话。语言学家 称这种能力为语言运用 的创造属性。 ;
懂得一种语言包括懂得 哪些句子在某种场合中 使用是恰当的。 ;
这就是说，语言的使用 受到场合或上下文的 约束。 ;
当一个人对另外一个人 说话时，他会根据不同 的对象使用不同的词汇 和语气。 ;
当一个人说出一句话时 同样这句话在不同的场 合、对不同的听众可以 包含不同的内容。 ;
10-3 Chinese Calligraphy Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
我很高兴有机会向诸位 介绍中国书法这一宝贵 的文化遗产及其对中国 旅游业的贡献。 ;
中国有句古话是这样 说的:"山不在高， 有仙则名;水不在深， 有龙则灵。 ;
”中国书法好似山上之 仙、水中之龙。 ;
中国书法同其他书写形 式有很大区别。 ;
汉字在其漫长的发展史 中演化成许多不同的 艺术形式， ;
其中包括甲骨铭文、 青铜器铭文、篆书、 隶书、楷书、行书和 草书。 ;
许多汉字属象形文字. 常可从字的形状揣知 其义。 ;
无沦是刀刻书法还是笔 墨书法都可以通过字形 的夸张取得艺术效果。 ;
因此书法一直是一门研 究艺术。 ;
千百年来中国书法家倾 注了大量的心血研究书 法艺术的形式、 规则及理论。 ;
他们的成果对朝鲜、 日本和东南亚国家的 汉字书法家产生了巨大 的影响。 ;
这些国家的书法家经常 不断地访问中国，探索 书法艺术。 ;
汉字的传统书法并未受 到外界的影响，这是我 国的一大旅游资源。 ;
中国大多数旅游区都有 不可胜数的铭文石碑 (其中许多是刻在悬崖 峭壁上的铭文)、 ;
匾额和厅堂卷轴对联。 以石碑闻名遐迩的桂林 七星岩内各个朝代的铭 文随处可见。 ;
旅游区的古代书法遗迹 皆以碑林和石刻为主。 例如建于1091年的 西安碑林”. ;
碑林区还留有大量的周 (公元前11世纪一公元 前256年)秦<公元前221 一公元前206年) ;
时期的石刻作品。 对于那些有兴趣把书法 作为一种艺术形式来 研究的人士来说， ;
曲阜孔庙和泰山岱庙里 的石碑是必看无疑的。 ;
两处都存有数百件书 法风格各异的石刻碑 匾。 ;
中国历史上许多诗人和 高僧在浪迹名山时皆 墨撒悬崖峭壁，以此 抒发感情。 ;
所幸的是，他们的许多 作品均被完好地保存下 来。 ;
除了石碑岩崖作品外， 在丝绸和纸张上行文留 字则是更为常见的书法 形式。 ;
汉字书法无论以何种 形式出现都将吸引海外 游客。 ;
10-4 Community Service Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
女士们，先生们： 我很高兴能够参加本届 社区服务国际学术研讨 会，并作发言。 ;
社区服务是当今各国 普遍关注的一个问题。 它不但是社会稳定的 措施之一， ;
而且是社会进步与发展 的需要。社区服务对于 解决某些社会问题， ;
改善人民生活，促进 精神文明建设都有着 重要的作用。 ;
过去我国在较长时间内 没有使用“社区服务”这 个名称， ;
但是在实践中做了许多 服务于社区居民的工 作， ;
例如我国许多城市的街 道委员会和里弄居民委 员会所做的许多工作， 属于社区服务工作。 ;
改革开放以来，尤其是 自国家民政部在总结城 市社会福利改革经验的 基础上， ;
肯定和推广社区服务的 经验以来，社区服务在 全国范围内蓬勃展开。 ;
我国的国民经济和社会 发展“十五”计划和2010 年远景目标纲要明确提 出要积极发展社会福利 ;
事业和社区服务。可以 预期，社区服务将引起 全社会的普遍关注. 并将有一个新的发展。 ;
当然，我国社区服务的 发展还很不平衡，还有 许多不足之处和薄弱 环节。 ;
这些问题的解决，除了 政府加强领导予以解决 之外， ;
非常需要社会各方面以 及非政府组织的积极 努力. ;
需要广大群众的直接参 与，做出奉献。这既是 过去实践的经验总结， ;
又是今后工作的努力 方向。 ;
我国社区服务起步较 晚，经验不足。参加 这次研讨会的欧美社区 服务学者， ;
以及来自东南亚国家和 地区的朋友们给我们带 来了宝贵的经验和意 见， ;
他们所作的学术报告对 进一步促进和改善我国 的社区服务工作， 必将产生积极的影响。 ;
句子精练 sen1tences in Focus ;
Interpret the following sentences from Chinese into English。 ;
1.我对全球冲突源于 文化冲突这样一种观点 深感不安。 ;
2.这种观点反映了人 们对西方文明的前途怀 有一种与日俱增的困 惑感。 ;
3.亚洲的经济成功使 这个地区的人民觉悟 起来， ;
对自己的聪明才智与 创造力有了新的认识. ;
他们开始重新思考西方 的社会模式与政治模式 是否适用于他们本国。 ;
4.东亚的经济成功代 表了一种新文化的诞 生。 ;
代表了一种集东西方传 统优点之大成的新价值 体系的诞生。 ;
5.我赞同许多东亚学 者的观点，东亚社会 的自我约束性、 ;
集体责任感以及温厚 儒雅的传统可以医治 盛行于西方世界的许 多顽疾。 ;
6.在这个信息时代， 世界已缩小为一个地球 村，我们彼此之间无 需冲突， ;
我们之间的关系是一种 友好合作、平等互利、 和睦相处的关系。 ;
7.我们创造性地运用语 言的能力较之任何其 他人类的属性更能将我 们同动物区别开来。 ;
8.懂得一门语言还包括 懂得哪些句子在某种场 合中使用是恰当的， ;
这就是说，语言的使用 受到场合或上下文的约 束。 ;
9.中国有句古话是这样 说的：“山不在高， 有仙则名，水不在深， 有龙则灵”。 ;
10.许多汉字属象形文 字，人们常可从字的形 状揣知其义。 ;
11.汉字在其漫长的发 展史中演化成许多不同 的艺术形式， ;
其中包括甲骨铭文、 青铜器铭文、篆书、 隶书、楷书、行书和 草书。 ;
12.干百年来中国许多 书法家潜心研究书法艺 术的形式、规则及理 论。 ;
13.以石碑闻名遐迩的 桂林七星岩内各个朝代 的铭文随处可见。 ;
14.对于那些有兴趣把 书法作为一种艺术形式 来研究的人士来说， ;
曲阜孔庙和泰山岱庙是 必游之地。 ;
15.中国历史上许多诗 人和高僧在浪迹名山时 皆撒墨于悬崖峭壁上， ;
他们以此来抒发自己 的感情。 ;
16.社区服务不但是社 会稳定的一种措施，同 时也是社会进步与发展 的需要。 ;
17.我国社区服务起步 较晚，发展还很不平 衡，还有许多不足之处 和薄弱环节需要克服。 ;
18.各位专家学者所作 的学术报告对促进和 改善我们的工作， 必将产生积极的影响。 ;
unit 11 Interpreting Business Speeches English-Chinese Interpretation ;
11-1 Entrepreneurial Culture ;
Text for Interpretion ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
indies and gentlemen. ;
Good afternoon. ;
Today I'll focus on the importance of entrepreneurial culture, ;
drawing on the lesson from the Enron case. ;
For most of the 1990s. ;
CEOs at Old Economy companies struggled to ;
turn slow-moving organizations into nimbler,more flexible outfits. ;
The truth is real transformations are the exception rather than the rule, ;
Changing the core values,the attitudes, ;
and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization ;
is overwhelmingly difficult.That's why an army of academics ;
and consul tarns descended on Enron in the late 1990s ;
and held it up as a paragon of management virtue. ;
Enron seemed to have transformed itself from a stodgy regulated utility ;
to a fast-moving enterprise where performance was paramount. ;
If only that were true.Enron tumbled down. ;
Many of the same academics are now busy distilling the cultural ;
and leadership lessons from the debacle. ;
Their conclusion so far:Enron didn't fail just ;
because of improper accounting or alleged corruption at the top. ;
lt also failed because of its entrepreneurial culture ;
the very reason Knron attracted so much attention and acclaim. ;
Too much emphasis on earning- growth and individual initiative, ;
coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate cheeks ;
and balances,turned Enron's entrepreneurial culture from one ;
that rewarded aggressive strategy to one that ;
increasingly relied on unethical means. ;
In the end,too much leeway was given to young, ;
inexperienced managers without the ;
necessary controls to minimize failures. ;
Jeffrey K.Skilling assumed Enron CEO in early 2001. ;
His recipe for changing the company ;
was right out of the New Economy play book. ;
Layers of management were wiped out. ;
Hundreds of outsiders were recruited and ;
encouraged to bring new thinking to a tradition-bound business. ;
The company abolished seniority- based salaries in favor of ;
more highly leveraged compensation that ;
offered huge cash bonuses and stock option grants to top performers. ;
Young People. ;
many just out of undergraduate or MBA programs, ;
were handed extraordinary authority, ;
able to make $5 million decisions without higher approval. ;
In larger companies like IBM,even though there is a movement inward youth, ;
there are still enough older people around to mentor them. ;
At Enron, you had a bunch of kids running loose ;
without adult supervision. ;
The new entrepreneurial culture encourages ;
the "loose and tight"environment. ;
The idea is to combine tight controls ;
with maximum individual authority to allow entrepreneurship ;
to flourish without the culture edging into chaos. ;
At Enron,however, the pressure to make the numbers ;
was often overwhelming.The environment was ripe for abuse. ;
Nobody at corporate was asking the right questions. ;
It was completely hands-off management.It was a runaway train. ;
I'd like to stop here and take your questions. ;
11-2 Getting to Know Bonds ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
How many of you buy bonds?More and more people show great interest in bonds investment. ;
A major appeal of investing in bonds is that they provide investors ;
with a steady stream of income and ;
guarantee the repayment of the loan in full at maturity. ;
Bonds also appeal to investors because of their scope ;
for capital appreciation.Take for instance a fall in interest rales, ;
in this case bonds which were issued when interest rates were high ;
will become increasingly valuable and as the bond price rises, ;
this provides profit for bond sellers. ;
In addition,if intcrol rates had fallen significantly ;
over a period of time,economic growth would be stimulated ;
as lower borrowing costs and savings rates would ;
encourage businesses to invest and households to consume. ;
In such a low interest-rale environment, ;
It may still be good for investors to ;
consider investing some money in bonds because they will be ;
able to achieve a higher return than cash deposits. ;
In a nutshell,an investor should consider investing ;
in bonds as an alternative for the purpose of diversification ;
in invesirnent. ;
As a bond pays a regular interest, it may be suitable for investors, ;
such as retirees, who require a regular income over a specific time. ;
Equities and government bonds are well suited to some investors. ;
Younger investors will henefit from equity capital growth ;
because they are generally investing for the longer term ;
and not unduly concerned with the lack of immediate yield. ;
Investors concerned wilh avoiding risk will be prepared to ;
accept the relatively low yields now ;
available on government bonds. ;
But many investors fall somewhere between these two extremes. ;
In recent years, financial markets ;
have become increasingly polarized between growth and security. ;
Investors looking for medium and low-risk ;
are increasingly turning to the corporate bond market ;
as an alternative to equities and government bonds. ;
Corporate bonds offer an ideal alternative to equities ;
and government bonds,providing some of the benefits of each. ;
With corporate bonds,an investor can opt for a lower risk exposure ;
than with equities but a higher income yield than with government bonds. ;
The main disadvantage of corporate bonds is ;
that an investor only indirectly participates in the company's success, ;
through its credit- worthiness,but otherwise will not benefit ;
from corporate expansion in the way that equity holders will. ;
On the other hand, absolute risk is lower than for equities ;
because coupon payments cannot be waived and. ;
in the event of a default,bondholders are ranked highly among creditors. ;
However,corporate credit -worthiness is a key factor ;
in assessing the value find risk of corporate bonds. ;
Credit rating agencies play an important role in this process. ;
The two main agencies are Moody's and Standard&Poors. ;
They assign ratings both to ;
entities issuing bonds and to specific corporate bond issues. ;
This gives investors a guide as to their credit quality, ;
which indicates possible risk. ;
Liquidity is also an important factor. Investors should be generally aware ;
that corporate bonds,even in mature markets such as the United States ;
and Britain,have fairly limited secondary markets. That is to say. ;
unlike equities or government bonds, ;
they cannot always be sold easily to other investors. ;
Although corporate bonds carry more risk than government bonds, ;
that risk can be controlled to a large extent by credit analysis ;
and other checks on the issuer and the terms of the bond. ;
In return,investor have the opportunity to achieve a good cash income. ;
Buy stocks or bonds? Make your own decision. ;
11-3 The Unique Silicon Valley ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
What makes Silicon Valley so successful and unique? ;
Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers. ;
scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame ;
and fast money and to participate enthusiastically ;
in a technological revolulion whose impact on mankind ;
will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance ;
and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. ;
With the rapid spread of the Internet and the relentless ;
technological innovations generated through it, ;
the information era is truly upon us. profoundly influencing ;
and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, ;
do business,think and communicate with others. ;
It is noteworthy that close to 50% of its skilled manpower, ;
including engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, ;
come from Asia. Prominent among them are Indians. ;
Chinese and Singaporeans. They include such illustrious names ;
as Vinod Khosla who co-founded Sun Microsystems. ;
Jerry Yang of Yahoo fame Find Singaporean Sim Wong Hoo. ;
Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, ;
their own "Silicon Valley."So far, ;
none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the U.S. prototype. ;
What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? ;
I think there are several crucial factors. ;
First and foremost, it has the largest concentraiion of brilliant computer ;
professionals and the best supporting services in the world. ;
and easy access to world-class research institutions, ;
like Stanford University,which continually nurture would-be geniuses ;
which the industry needs in order to move forward. ;
Without these advantages,the Valley would be a different place. ;
Secondly,it actively encourages,or even exalts,risk-taking. ;
Hence,failure holds no terror and there is no stigma ;
attached to a failed effort.On the contrary, ;
they will try even harder next time round. ;
Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph ;
in entrcpreneurship and technological breakthrough. ;
A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists ;
who willingly support promising start-ups with ;
urgently needed initial capital to get them started. ;
Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance ;
if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success. ;
It is a common practice for start-ups to offer ;
generous share options to employees ;
in order to attract the right talent into their folds. ;
This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost ;
and to share in the company's prosperity if it reaches its goal. ;
Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise. ;
Those that have become high flyers, such as Netscape. ;
Intel.Cisco and Yahoo,have turned many of their employees, ;
including support staff like secretaries,into dot. ;
com millionaires overnight,often at the relatively young age of 20s or 30s. ;
The valley's professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. ;
A l5-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon. ;
especially during the start-tip stage. They would give up social life, ;
and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold ;
at the end of the rainbow. ;
It is this single- minded pursuit of excellence, ;
supported by strong ethos of teamwork and espril de corps, ;
that sustain them until their mission is accomplished. ;
Paper qualification, though useful,is not a be all and end all. ;
More weight is given to a candidate's proven abilities ;
and aptitude for the job.This is amply demonstrated by ;
industry icons like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates, ;
all college dropouts who might not have emerged ;
in a qualifieation- conscious community. ;
While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, ;
it is hardly discernible in the Valley. ;
What counts most is one's vision and track record, ;
and not one's nationality,skin color or creed. ;
This,together with its multiracial society, ;
informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, ;
lures foreigners to its shores. ;
Its phenomenal success has led to a worldwide fever to proliferate dot, ;
com companies,both as a prestigious symbol and a quicker way to wealth. ;
In consequence, many bright young people have given up ;
their secure jobs to join in the race. ;
But the reality is that,because of its high-risk nature, ;
for every success story there are hundreds who will fall by the wayside. ;
However,with the collapse of the U.S. NASDAQ share index. ;
the share options held by numerous paper dot.com millionaires have ;
become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. ;
Those who could not take the hit,as it were, ;
left their employment feeling disillusioned. ;
Be that as it may. the majority in the Valley views this traumatic experience ;
only as a temporary setback for the industry. ;
They are sanguine that its longer- term prospects remain bright ;
as the ultimate potential of the ;
information age has not yet run its full course. ;
They are confident that it will flourish well into this century ;
provided it maintains its cutting-edge in ;
science and technology. ;
11-4 On Patent Laws Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
Today,we,pioneers and leaders of electronic commerce, ;
are meeting here to call for changes in US patent laws. ;
We believe such changes are needed to deal with new business models ;
related to the growth of the Internet. ;
I share the same view with Jeff Bezos, ;
chief executive of online bookseller Amazon-dot-com. ;
Mr.Bezos argued in an open letter that current patent laws ;
could end up harming all kinds of businesses if the laws ;
were not adapted to new business methods used in e-commerce. ;
I think US Patent laws are designed to protect ;
the commercial rights of people who have invested in new products, ;
systems or methods. Hereby I propose that the period of protection offered ;
by patents should be cut from 17 years to about 4 years. ;
I also propose a one month period of public consultation before patents ;
are issued.The purpose of these changes is to ensure ;
that patented business models and software are more quickly ;
released into the public domain. ;
Amazon was once under criticism for allegedly ahusing current laws ;
by patenting business methods that are so general in scope ;
they should be available to everyone. ;
Two examples include Amazon's patent for the so-called one click purchasing ;
option on its World Wide Web site and its program for ;
paying other web sites that refer customers to the Amazon site. ;
From my experience of working with Hi-Technology companies ;
in California's Silicon Valley, the biggest problems arise ;
when existing patent protections for business methods ;
are combined with the Internet. ;
When you combine the ability to patent business methods with the advent of ;
the Internet you have a very interesting coincidence. ;
The Internet,because it is brand new, provides a new way of doing just ;
about everything.You can have electronic shopping carts on the Internet ;
that mimic the shopping carts in the real world. ;
But because it is in a new environment, a new medium, ;
that is sufficiently novel to obtain a patent on that idea. ;
If changes in the patent laws are going to have any real impact, ;
they must be made soon, before too many more new ;
business method patents are issued. Some of my colleagues ;
in the industry have already begun lobbying lawmakers to make the changes. ;
But we have to be a little bit more patient because ;
it will take at least two years for any changes proposed now to be approved ;
by lawmakers and established as law. ;
Sentences in Focus ;
Interpret the following sentences from English into Chinese: ;
1.Today I'll focus on the importance of entrepreneurial culture, ;
drawing on the lesson from a few outstanding cases. ;
2.The truth is, really successful transformations are ;
the exception rather than the rule. ;
3.Changing the core values,the attitudes, ;
and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization ;
is overwhelmingly difficult. ;
4.Too much emphasis on earnings growth and individual initiative, ;
coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate checks and balances, ;
turned the company's entrepreneurial culture from one that rewarded ;
aggressive strategy to one that increasingly relied on unethical means. ;
5.The new entrepreneurial culture encourages ;
the "loose and tight"environment. ;
The idea is to combine light controls with ;
maximum individual authority to allow entrepreneurship ;
to flourish without the culture edging into chaos. ;
6.Bonds appeal to investors because of their scope for ;
capital approciation. ;
7.Investors consider investing some money in bonds ;
because they will be able to achieve a higher return than cash deposits. ;
8.In a nutshell,an investor should consider investing in bonds ;
as an alternative for the purpose of diversification in investment. ;
9.In recent years, financial markets have become ;
increasingly polarized between growth and security. ;
10.Credit rating agencies,such as Moody's and Standard & Poors, ;
assign ratings both to entities issuing bonds ;
and to specific corporate bond issues, ;
and indicate possible risk in financial investment. ;
11.Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, ;
scientists and entrepreneurs from ;
overseas flock in search of fame and gain. ;
12.First and foremost,Silicon Valley has ;
the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals ;
and the best supporting services in the world. ;
13.The never-say-die approach is the sine qua non ;
for the ultimate triumph in cntrepreneurship ;
and technological breakthrough. ;
14.They willingly support promising start-ups with urgently ;
needed initial capital to get them started. ;
15.Paper qualification, though useful, ;
is not a be all and end all. ;
16.Because of its high-risk nature, ;
for every success story there are hundreds who will fall by the wayside. ;
17.Today,we,pioneers and leaders of electronic commerce, ;
are meeting here to call together for ;
changes in the existing patent laws. ;
18.I propose a one-month period of public consultation ;
before patents are issued. ;
Unit 12 ;
Interpreting Business Speeches Chinese-English Interpretation ;
12-1 The Growing Financial Industry ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
先生们，女士们： 我今天想谈一下上海 金融业的现状与发展 趋势。 ;
众所周知，目前的亚洲 是全球经济发展最为 迅速的地区， ;
中国是亚洲经济增长 最快的国家，上海更是 中国经济发展最引入瞩 目的城市之一。 ;
在上个世纪三四十年 代，上海曾是远东最大 的国际金融中心。 ;
今天，鉴于上海特殊的 历史地位与地理优势， 亦基于中国经济强劲 发展的实力， ;
这座城市重建远东国际 金融中心的势态已成 定局。 ;
中国改革的总设计师、 已故的邓小平先生早 在1992年来沪时便明 确提出， ;
“中国在金融方面取得 国际地位.首先要靠 上海。 ;
”中国决策层已决心 尽快将上海建成国际 经济、金融、贸易中 心城市。 ;
经过15年的金融发展 与改革，上海金融机构 迅速发展。 ;
目前上海已形成了以 中央银行(即中国人民 银行)为领导。 ;
以国有商业银行为主 体，各种金融机构并 存，发展比较健全的 金融机构组织体系。 ;
近10年来.外资金融 机构纷纷抢滩上海， 其中包括外资银行、 外资财务公司、 ;
外资保险公司和外资 金融机构代表处。 与此同时，上海金融市 场迅速发展。 ;
迄今为止，上海已建成 了具有一定规模与相当 影响的比较完整的金融 市场体系， ;
其中包括证券市场、 外汇市场、贴现市场、 保险市场、金银买卖 市场等。 ;
上海证券市场的发展最 为瞩目，已成为辐射 全国、影响深远的国 内最大的资本市场。 ;
随着我国改革开放的 深入和综合国力的 增强， ;
上海金融业必将在更高 层次上得到全面拓展。 根据上海市政府制定的 社会和经济发展蓝图， ;
到2010年，上海将基本 建成国际经济、金融、 贸易中心之一，全方位 介入国际金融活动， ;
外汇市场，资本市场、 黄金市场实现与世界各 金融中心的全天候交 易， ;
人民币实行自由兑换。 女士们、先生们， 新世纪的上海充满着希 望， ;
是各国富有远见的金融 家和企业家大展鸿图的 黄金宝地。 ;
让我们携手合作， 共图发展大业。谢谢。 ;
12-2 Asian Cooperation Text for Interpretion ;
我很高兴参加博鳌亚洲 论坛首次年会，与大家 共同探讨新世纪亚洲区 域合作与发展的问题。 ;
亚洲是地球上最大的 洲，聚居着世界60%的 人口，资源十分丰富， ;
历史源远流长，文化博 大精深。近年来，在亚 洲国家共同努力下， ;
包容、平等和渐进的 地区合作意识日益加 强，开放、健康和互利 的合作局面正在形成。 ;
亚太经合组织不断发 展，东亚区域合作方 兴未艾， ;
“上海合作组织”顺利 运转。我国与东盟国家 一致同意今后10年内 逐步建立 ;
中国一东盟自由贸易 区，并正就启动谈判进 行接触。 ;
这些将为亚洲国家和地 区扩大交流、深化合 作，提供重要渠道和 机制。 ;
但是，与欧洲和北美区 域合作相比，亚洲区 域合作相对落后。 ;
——段时间以来，许多方 面对亚洲区域合作的 发展方向提出不少独到 见解。 ;
这里，我谈几点看法： ;
第一，以经济合作为 重点，逐步拓展全方位 合作。 ;
发展经济是亚洲各国的 首要任务。从实际需要 和实践看， ;
可以把贸易、交通、 农业、信息、能源作 为优先合作领域，并逐 步向其他领域扩展。 ;
第二，立足现有合作渠 道，不断扩大合作范 围。 ;
东亚、南亚、西亚和 中亚地理上相对独立， 经济发展各有特色。 ;
从便利性和有效性看， 应首先加强次区域合 作，在此基础上，积极 探索泛亚合作的途径。 ;
第三，进一步拓展双边 合作，增强区域合作的 基础。 ;
加强双边合作有利于 推动区域合作的顺利 发展。 ;
区域合作也有利于为 双边开辟更广阔的空 间。两者可以形成良 性互动。 ;
第四，实行开放式地区 合作。合作不可能自 我封闭，更不应形成排 他性集团。 ;
亚洲国家应通过APEC、 亚欧会议和东亚一拉美 合作论坛等渠道， ;
进一步加强与各大洲国 家的合作。 中国是亚洲的一员。 ;
20多年来.中国坚定 不移地推进改革开放， 加速国民经济发展。 ;
中国改革开放和现代 化的新跨越，不仅将给 中国人民带来巨大 福祉， ;
也必将提供无限商机， 为亚洲和世界经济合作 开辟新的广阔空间。 ;
加入世贸组织，是中国 对外开放的新起点。 ;
我们将在更大范围和更 深程度上参与国际经济 合作与竞争。 ;
中国将进一步向亚洲和 世界开放，向各国的企 业家、投资者开放。 ;
我们恪守人世承诺， 有步骤地扩大开放领 域，降低关税水平， 取消非关税壁垒。 ;
我们也将不断完善法 治，创造更加公平、 透明和可预见的市场 环境。 ;
同时，我们还将大力 实施“走出去”战略， 鼓励中国各种所有制企 业走向世界。 ;
中国人民热爱和平， 中国的发展需要和平。 亚洲人民勤劳智慧， 自强不息。 ;
中国人民愿与亚洲各国 人民一道，携手共创 美好未来。 ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
My topic today is "Information- A Valuable Commodity," ;
Let us take a look at the most important commodity is the world information. ;
The advancement of communication technology has given us the ability to ;
know and understand what is going to in any part of the world at any given time. ;
It has become imperative for us to understand the implications of ;
economic and political change and the impact that this has on foreign exchange rates ;
and the stock market. Financial institutions have put great emphasis on developing ;
technology that will enable us to have the edge on our competitors ;
in terms of analyzing the global information and distributing this to our customer base. ;
The growth in the number of independent news companies ;
combined with improved telecommunication has led to a boom in the level of coverage of ;
breaking news and a drop in the cost of obtaining that information. ;
Thus,the proprietary knowledge that was previously possessed by dealers ;
is now generally available to non-bank financial institutions and corporations. ;
This change immediately has led to a narrowing in the profit margin being ;
made from customer business and greater competition among ;
ealers for that business.Customers have been marketed more intensely ;
by an increasing number of financial institutions. ;
The corporate customer now receives more information analysis ;
and opinion from such a wide range of market players ;
that they themselves have more information available to them than ;
some of the lesser financial institutions. ;
The general response of customers to this huge flow of information ;
led to an increase in the level of business transacted as they seek to ;
take advantage of market opportunities. ;
The dramatic increase in information flow has been a key ;
influential factor in the financial market over the last 20 years. ;
My next lecture will focus on electronic dealing and broking, ;
and their impact on the marketplace.Your attendance is most welcome. ;
Sentences in Focus ;
Interpret the following sentences from English into Chinese: ;
1.Although the languages of various regions are so different ;
that they are mutually unintelligible, ;
they have a great deal in common in their basic principles, ;
and in the way they approach certain specific problems of communication. ;
2.One of the wonders about language and language use is that ;
with a finite set of rules speakers can produce and understand an infinite set of sentences, ;
3.The creative aspect of human language is not found in the communication system ;
of any other species. That is,human beings have the ability to ;
combine basic linguistic units to form an infinite set ;
of grammatical sentences,most of which are novel, ;
never before produced or heard. ;
4.The difference between a human brain and a computer can be ;
expressed in a single word:complexity, ;
5.The many billions of brain cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated ;
network that we can I begin to interpret as yet. ;
6.While the computer switch is just an on-off device, ;
the brain cell is itself possessed of a tremendously complex inner structure. ;
7.Our gene "program" is so much more enormously complex ;
that we might like to define "thinking" in terms of our creativity ;
in literature,art, science and technology. ;
8.The point of concern is that while programming the computer, ;
mankind is not only creating a servant, but also a threatening rival. ;
9.What I want to focus on is the principles that underlie computer programming. ;
10.New breakthroughs in biomedical technology are announced daily; ;
achievements such as the completion of the human genome project ;
portend much more serious changes to come. ;
11.We don't have to await the arrival of human genetic engineering ;
to foresee a time when we will be able to enhance intelligence, ;
memory,emotional sensitivity,as well as manipulate behavior in a host of other ways. ;
12.While many medical advances have ;
increased the quality of life for older people, ;
many have bad the opposite effect by prolonging only one aspect of life and ;
increasing dependency. ;
13.We could find ways to preserve bodily health but would fail ;
to put off age related mental deterioration. ;
14.Stem cell research might yield ways to grow new body parts, ;
but without a parallel curer for Alzheimer's. this wonderful new technology ;
would do no more than allow more people to persist in vegetative states for years ;
longer than is currently possible. ;
15.I should thank you for the privilege of speaking here and ;
for ensuring me such an attentive audience, ;
16.The advancement of telecommunication technology has given us the ability to ;
know and understand what is going on in any part of the world at any given time. ;
17.It has become imperative for us to understand the implications of ;
economic and political change and the impact that this has on the market of stocks, ;
securities and futures. ;
18.The dramatic increase in information flow ;
has been a major influential factor in the financial market over the last decade. ;
Unit 10 Interpreting Academic Speeches Chinese- English Interpretation ;
10-1 On Cultural Clashes Text for interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
主席先生：能有机会在研 讨会以“文化冲突与融合 ” 为题进行发言，我谨向您 表示感谢。 ;
约翰逊博士在他的讲话中 提出了“冲突论”的见解 。 约翰逊博士的理论是建筑 在这样一种观点之上的： ;
他认为在后冷战时期， 全球冲突源于文化冲突， 而文化冲突的焦点集中在 宗教和信仰的不同， ;
而非意识形态的不同，也 不是国与国之间在经济与 政治上的对抗。他认为同 属一个文明圈的国家将在 ;
冲突中集合在一起，信奉 儒教和伊斯兰教的国家将 站在同一条战线上，与 西方国家和世界其他地区 ;
形成对抗，我对这样一种 观点深感不安。 约翰逊博士的冲突论表明 了许多西方国家对东亚， ;
尤其对中国近年来经济 持续增长的一种失望而 又焦虑的心情，同时 反映了人们对西方文明 ;
的一种与日俱增的困惑 感和信心缺乏症状。 ;
我们承认不同文化之间 的巨大差异，这些差异 有时可能会引起磨擦。 ;
然而，将这种磨擦夸大 其词为世界政治冲突和 战争是一种误导，是很 危险的。 ;
倘若这种冲突对决策 产生影响作用，其危险 性便越大。 ;
一些西方人士认为， 其他国家的现代化意味 着对西方经济，政治和 社会制度与价值观念 ;
仿效。我认为，现代化 不意味着西方化。事实 上，亚洲的经济成功使 亚洲人民觉悟起来， ;
产生了文化认同感。 他们开始重新思考西 方的社会与政治模式 ;
是否适合用于他们本 国，他们是否应该建立 起自己的社会与政治 发展模式。 ;
我认为，西方模式只是 通往现代化的一种途径， 全然不是唯一的途径， ;
或许很可能不是一条 最佳途径。 ;
中国以及其他一些亚洲 国家的经济成功不是 简单模仿现代西方文明 的结果; ;
恰恰相反，我们的成功 代表了一种新文化的 诞生， ;
它代表了一种集东西方 传统的优点之大成的新 价值体系。 ;
我赞同许多东亚学者的 观点，东方文明可以医 治盛行于西方世界的 一些顽疾。 ;
西方世界个人自由的 泛滥导致了极端个人 主义，性关系混乱以及 过度的暴力行为， ;
对此我们决不可视而不 见。相反，东方社会的 自我约束性，集体责任 感以及温厚儒雅的传统 ;
倒可以消除西方社会的 许多恶疾。 在这个信息时代，世界 已缩小为一个地球村。 ;
这个地球村里，不再有 什么泾渭分明的东方 世界和西方世界， ;
我们是生活在同一个 社区里的邻里。因此， 我们彼此之间无需相互 冲突。 ;
我们之间的关系是一种 友好合作，平等互补 的关系。我们应该相互 理解，相互学习， ;
和睦相处。 我的发言到此结束， 谢谢主席先生。 ;
10-2 Communicative Competence ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
人们聚在一起，无论做 什么总离不了说话。 我们生活在语言的世界 里。我们对家人说话， ;
对亲属说话，对朋友说 话，对同事说话，我们 还对陌生人说话。我们 面对面说话， ;
我们在电话里说话，我 们回答时还要说话。 ;
电话机和收音机在言语 海洋里起着推波助澜的 作用。除了睡觉之外， ;
我们很少有不说话的时 候，我们甚至在睡梦中 也会说话。有些人在 睡眠时会大声说话。 ;
我们还会自言自语，有 时会对宠物说话。有时 对自己说话。 ;
我们是这个星球上唯一 能说话的动物。 拥有语言，确切地说是 拥有创造性的语言， ;
较之任何其他属性更能 将人类同其他动物区别 开来。 ;
要理解人类就必须理解 那种使我们成为人的语 言。 ;
懂一种语言使你可以说 这门语言，你说的话也 可以被其他懂这种语言 的人听懂。 ;
这意味着你能够发出 表示某种概念或意义的 声音，能够听懂或解释 其他人发出的声音。 ;
因此，懂得一种语言 不仅指了解这种语言 包含了哪些语音， ;
而且还指了解语音与 意义的关系。 你如果不懂某种语言， ;
别人用这种语言和你 说话时发出的声音你 基本上无法理解， ;
这是因为大部分语音 与语义之间的关系是 任意确定的。 ;
懂得一种语言能使你 谴词造句。懂得一种 语言意味你能够说出 前人未说过的话， ;
也能听懂在此之前无 人说过的话。语言学家 称这种能力为语言运用 的创造属性。 ;
懂得一种语言包括懂得 哪些句子在某种场合中 使用是恰当的。 ;
这就是说，语言的使用 受到场合或上下文的 约束。 ;
当一个人对另外一个人 说话时，他会根据不同 的对象使用不同的词汇 和语气。 ;
当一个人说出一句话时 同样这句话在不同的场 合、对不同的听众可以 包含不同的内容。 ;
10-3 Chinese Calligraphy Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
我很高兴有机会向诸位 介绍中国书法这一宝贵 的文化遗产及其对中国 旅游业的贡献。 ;
中国有句古话是这样 说的:"山不在高， 有仙则名;水不在深， 有龙则灵。 ;
”中国书法好似山上之 仙、水中之龙。 ;
中国书法同其他书写形 式有很大区别。 ;
汉字在其漫长的发展史 中演化成许多不同的 艺术形式， ;
其中包括甲骨铭文、 青铜器铭文、篆书、 隶书、楷书、行书和 草书。 ;
许多汉字属象形文字. 常可从字的形状揣知 其义。 ;
无沦是刀刻书法还是笔 墨书法都可以通过字形 的夸张取得艺术效果。 ;
因此书法一直是一门研 究艺术。 ;
千百年来中国书法家倾 注了大量的心血研究书 法艺术的形式、 规则及理论。 ;
他们的成果对朝鲜、 日本和东南亚国家的 汉字书法家产生了巨大 的影响。 ;
这些国家的书法家经常 不断地访问中国，探索 书法艺术。 ;
汉字的传统书法并未受 到外界的影响，这是我 国的一大旅游资源。 ;
中国大多数旅游区都有 不可胜数的铭文石碑 (其中许多是刻在悬崖 峭壁上的铭文)、 ;
匾额和厅堂卷轴对联。 以石碑闻名遐迩的桂林 七星岩内各个朝代的铭 文随处可见。 ;
旅游区的古代书法遗迹 皆以碑林和石刻为主。 例如建于1091年的 西安碑林”. ;
碑林区还留有大量的周 (公元前11世纪一公元 前256年)秦<公元前221 一公元前206年) ;
时期的石刻作品。 对于那些有兴趣把书法 作为一种艺术形式来 研究的人士来说， ;
曲阜孔庙和泰山岱庙里 的石碑是必看无疑的。 ;
两处都存有数百件书 法风格各异的石刻碑 匾。 ;
中国历史上许多诗人和 高僧在浪迹名山时皆 墨撒悬崖峭壁，以此 抒发感情。 ;
所幸的是，他们的许多 作品均被完好地保存下 来。 ;
除了石碑岩崖作品外， 在丝绸和纸张上行文留 字则是更为常见的书法 形式。 ;
汉字书法无论以何种 形式出现都将吸引海外 游客。 ;
10-4 Community Service Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
女士们，先生们： 我很高兴能够参加本届 社区服务国际学术研讨 会，并作发言。 ;
社区服务是当今各国 普遍关注的一个问题。 它不但是社会稳定的 措施之一， ;
而且是社会进步与发展 的需要。社区服务对于 解决某些社会问题， ;
改善人民生活，促进 精神文明建设都有着 重要的作用。 ;
过去我国在较长时间内 没有使用“社区服务”这 个名称， ;
但是在实践中做了许多 服务于社区居民的工 作， ;
例如我国许多城市的街 道委员会和里弄居民委 员会所做的许多工作， 属于社区服务工作。 ;
改革开放以来，尤其是 自国家民政部在总结城 市社会福利改革经验的 基础上， ;
肯定和推广社区服务的 经验以来，社区服务在 全国范围内蓬勃展开。 ;
我国的国民经济和社会 发展“十五”计划和2010 年远景目标纲要明确提 出要积极发展社会福利 ;
事业和社区服务。可以 预期，社区服务将引起 全社会的普遍关注. 并将有一个新的发展。 ;
当然，我国社区服务的 发展还很不平衡，还有 许多不足之处和薄弱 环节。 ;
这些问题的解决，除了 政府加强领导予以解决 之外， ;
非常需要社会各方面以 及非政府组织的积极 努力. ;
需要广大群众的直接参 与，做出奉献。这既是 过去实践的经验总结， ;
又是今后工作的努力 方向。 ;
我国社区服务起步较 晚，经验不足。参加 这次研讨会的欧美社区 服务学者， ;
以及来自东南亚国家和 地区的朋友们给我们带 来了宝贵的经验和意 见， ;
他们所作的学术报告对 进一步促进和改善我国 的社区服务工作， 必将产生积极的影响。 ;
句子精练 sen1tences in Focus ;
Interpret the following sentences from Chinese into English。 ;
1.我对全球冲突源于 文化冲突这样一种观点 深感不安。 ;
2.这种观点反映了人 们对西方文明的前途怀 有一种与日俱增的困 惑感。 ;
3.亚洲的经济成功使 这个地区的人民觉悟 起来， ;
对自己的聪明才智与 创造力有了新的认识. ;
他们开始重新思考西方 的社会模式与政治模式 是否适用于他们本国。 ;
4.东亚的经济成功代 表了一种新文化的诞 生。 ;
代表了一种集东西方传 统优点之大成的新价值 体系的诞生。 ;
5.我赞同许多东亚学 者的观点，东亚社会 的自我约束性、 ;
集体责任感以及温厚 儒雅的传统可以医治 盛行于西方世界的许 多顽疾。 ;
6.在这个信息时代， 世界已缩小为一个地球 村，我们彼此之间无 需冲突， ;
我们之间的关系是一种 友好合作、平等互利、 和睦相处的关系。 ;
7.我们创造性地运用语 言的能力较之任何其 他人类的属性更能将我 们同动物区别开来。 ;
8.懂得一门语言还包括 懂得哪些句子在某种场 合中使用是恰当的， ;
这就是说，语言的使用 受到场合或上下文的约 束。 ;
9.中国有句古话是这样 说的：“山不在高， 有仙则名，水不在深， 有龙则灵”。 ;
10.许多汉字属象形文 字，人们常可从字的形 状揣知其义。 ;
11.汉字在其漫长的发 展史中演化成许多不同 的艺术形式， ;
其中包括甲骨铭文、 青铜器铭文、篆书、 隶书、楷书、行书和 草书。 ;
12.干百年来中国许多 书法家潜心研究书法艺 术的形式、规则及理 论。 ;
13.以石碑闻名遐迩的 桂林七星岩内各个朝代 的铭文随处可见。 ;
14.对于那些有兴趣把 书法作为一种艺术形式 来研究的人士来说， ;
曲阜孔庙和泰山岱庙是 必游之地。 ;
15.中国历史上许多诗 人和高僧在浪迹名山时 皆撒墨于悬崖峭壁上， ;
他们以此来抒发自己 的感情。 ;
16.社区服务不但是社 会稳定的一种措施，同 时也是社会进步与发展 的需要。 ;
17.我国社区服务起步 较晚，发展还很不平 衡，还有许多不足之处 和薄弱环节需要克服。 ;
18.各位专家学者所作 的学术报告对促进和 改善我们的工作， 必将产生积极的影响。 ;
unit 11 Interpreting Business Speeches English-Chinese Interpretation ;
11-1 Entrepreneurial Culture ;
Text for Interpretion ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
indies and gentlemen. ;
Good afternoon. ;
Today I'll focus on the importance of entrepreneurial culture, ;
drawing on the lesson from the Enron case. ;
For most of the 1990s. ;
CEOs at Old Economy companies struggled to ;
turn slow-moving organizations into nimbler,more flexible outfits. ;
The truth is real transformations are the exception rather than the rule, ;
Changing the core values,the attitudes, ;
and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization ;
is overwhelmingly difficult.That's why an army of academics ;
and consul tarns descended on Enron in the late 1990s ;
and held it up as a paragon of management virtue. ;
Enron seemed to have transformed itself from a stodgy regulated utility ;
to a fast-moving enterprise where performance was paramount. ;
If only that were true.Enron tumbled down. ;
Many of the same academics are now busy distilling the cultural ;
and leadership lessons from the debacle. ;
Their conclusion so far:Enron didn't fail just ;
because of improper accounting or alleged corruption at the top. ;
lt also failed because of its entrepreneurial culture ;
the very reason Knron attracted so much attention and acclaim. ;
Too much emphasis on earning- growth and individual initiative, ;
coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate cheeks ;
and balances,turned Enron's entrepreneurial culture from one ;
that rewarded aggressive strategy to one that ;
increasingly relied on unethical means. ;
In the end,too much leeway was given to young, ;
inexperienced managers without the ;
necessary controls to minimize failures. ;
Jeffrey K.Skilling assumed Enron CEO in early 2001. ;
His recipe for changing the company ;
was right out of the New Economy play book. ;
Layers of management were wiped out. ;
Hundreds of outsiders were recruited and ;
encouraged to bring new thinking to a tradition-bound business. ;
The company abolished seniority- based salaries in favor of ;
more highly leveraged compensation that ;
offered huge cash bonuses and stock option grants to top performers. ;
Young People. ;
many just out of undergraduate or MBA programs, ;
were handed extraordinary authority, ;
able to make $5 million decisions without higher approval. ;
In larger companies like IBM,even though there is a movement inward youth, ;
there are still enough older people around to mentor them. ;
At Enron, you had a bunch of kids running loose ;
without adult supervision. ;
The new entrepreneurial culture encourages ;
the "loose and tight"environment. ;
The idea is to combine tight controls ;
with maximum individual authority to allow entrepreneurship ;
to flourish without the culture edging into chaos. ;
At Enron,however, the pressure to make the numbers ;
was often overwhelming.The environment was ripe for abuse. ;
Nobody at corporate was asking the right questions. ;
It was completely hands-off management.It was a runaway train. ;
I'd like to stop here and take your questions. ;
11-2 Getting to Know Bonds ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
How many of you buy bonds?More and more people show great interest in bonds investment. ;
A major appeal of investing in bonds is that they provide investors ;
with a steady stream of income and ;
guarantee the repayment of the loan in full at maturity. ;
Bonds also appeal to investors because of their scope ;
for capital appreciation.Take for instance a fall in interest rales, ;
in this case bonds which were issued when interest rates were high ;
will become increasingly valuable and as the bond price rises, ;
this provides profit for bond sellers. ;
In addition,if intcrol rates had fallen significantly ;
over a period of time,economic growth would be stimulated ;
as lower borrowing costs and savings rates would ;
encourage businesses to invest and households to consume. ;
In such a low interest-rale environment, ;
It may still be good for investors to ;
consider investing some money in bonds because they will be ;
able to achieve a higher return than cash deposits. ;
In a nutshell,an investor should consider investing ;
in bonds as an alternative for the purpose of diversification ;
in invesirnent. ;
As a bond pays a regular interest, it may be suitable for investors, ;
such as retirees, who require a regular income over a specific time. ;
Equities and government bonds are well suited to some investors. ;
Younger investors will henefit from equity capital growth ;
because they are generally investing for the longer term ;
and not unduly concerned with the lack of immediate yield. ;
Investors concerned wilh avoiding risk will be prepared to ;
accept the relatively low yields now ;
available on government bonds. ;
But many investors fall somewhere between these two extremes. ;
In recent years, financial markets ;
have become increasingly polarized between growth and security. ;
Investors looking for medium and low-risk ;
are increasingly turning to the corporate bond market ;
as an alternative to equities and government bonds. ;
Corporate bonds offer an ideal alternative to equities ;
and government bonds,providing some of the benefits of each. ;
With corporate bonds,an investor can opt for a lower risk exposure ;
than with equities but a higher income yield than with government bonds. ;
The main disadvantage of corporate bonds is ;
that an investor only indirectly participates in the company's success, ;
through its credit- worthiness,but otherwise will not benefit ;
from corporate expansion in the way that equity holders will. ;
On the other hand, absolute risk is lower than for equities ;
because coupon payments cannot be waived and. ;
in the event of a default,bondholders are ranked highly among creditors. ;
However,corporate credit -worthiness is a key factor ;
in assessing the value find risk of corporate bonds. ;
Credit rating agencies play an important role in this process. ;
The two main agencies are Moody's and Standard&Poors. ;
They assign ratings both to ;
entities issuing bonds and to specific corporate bond issues. ;
This gives investors a guide as to their credit quality, ;
which indicates possible risk. ;
Liquidity is also an important factor. Investors should be generally aware ;
that corporate bonds,even in mature markets such as the United States ;
and Britain,have fairly limited secondary markets. That is to say. ;
unlike equities or government bonds, ;
they cannot always be sold easily to other investors. ;
Although corporate bonds carry more risk than government bonds, ;
that risk can be controlled to a large extent by credit analysis ;
and other checks on the issuer and the terms of the bond. ;
In return,investor have the opportunity to achieve a good cash income. ;
Buy stocks or bonds? Make your own decision. ;
11-3 The Unique Silicon Valley ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
What makes Silicon Valley so successful and unique? ;
Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers. ;
scientists and entrepreneurs from overseas flock in search of fame ;
and fast money and to participate enthusiastically ;
in a technological revolulion whose impact on mankind ;
will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance ;
and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age. ;
With the rapid spread of the Internet and the relentless ;
technological innovations generated through it, ;
the information era is truly upon us. profoundly influencing ;
and changing not only our lifestyle, but also the way we work, ;
do business,think and communicate with others. ;
It is noteworthy that close to 50% of its skilled manpower, ;
including engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, ;
come from Asia. Prominent among them are Indians. ;
Chinese and Singaporeans. They include such illustrious names ;
as Vinod Khosla who co-founded Sun Microsystems. ;
Jerry Yang of Yahoo fame Find Singaporean Sim Wong Hoo. ;
Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, ;
their own "Silicon Valley."So far, ;
none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the U.S. prototype. ;
What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? ;
I think there are several crucial factors. ;
First and foremost, it has the largest concentraiion of brilliant computer ;
professionals and the best supporting services in the world. ;
and easy access to world-class research institutions, ;
like Stanford University,which continually nurture would-be geniuses ;
which the industry needs in order to move forward. ;
Without these advantages,the Valley would be a different place. ;
Secondly,it actively encourages,or even exalts,risk-taking. ;
Hence,failure holds no terror and there is no stigma ;
attached to a failed effort.On the contrary, ;
they will try even harder next time round. ;
Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph ;
in entrcpreneurship and technological breakthrough. ;
A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists ;
who willingly support promising start-ups with ;
urgently needed initial capital to get them started. ;
Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance ;
if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual success. ;
It is a common practice for start-ups to offer ;
generous share options to employees ;
in order to attract the right talent into their folds. ;
This is a powerful incentive to motivate the staff to do their utmost ;
and to share in the company's prosperity if it reaches its goal. ;
Many regard this as the foundation of a successful enterprise. ;
Those that have become high flyers, such as Netscape. ;
Intel.Cisco and Yahoo,have turned many of their employees, ;
including support staff like secretaries,into dot. ;
com millionaires overnight,often at the relatively young age of 20s or 30s. ;
The valley's professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. ;
A l5-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon. ;
especially during the start-tip stage. They would give up social life, ;
and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold ;
at the end of the rainbow. ;
It is this single- minded pursuit of excellence, ;
supported by strong ethos of teamwork and espril de corps, ;
that sustain them until their mission is accomplished. ;
Paper qualification, though useful,is not a be all and end all. ;
More weight is given to a candidate's proven abilities ;
and aptitude for the job.This is amply demonstrated by ;
industry icons like Apple's Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft's Gates, ;
all college dropouts who might not have emerged ;
in a qualifieation- conscious community. ;
While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, ;
it is hardly discernible in the Valley. ;
What counts most is one's vision and track record, ;
and not one's nationality,skin color or creed. ;
This,together with its multiracial society, ;
informal lifestyle and agreeable climate, ;
lures foreigners to its shores. ;
Its phenomenal success has led to a worldwide fever to proliferate dot, ;
com companies,both as a prestigious symbol and a quicker way to wealth. ;
In consequence, many bright young people have given up ;
their secure jobs to join in the race. ;
But the reality is that,because of its high-risk nature, ;
for every success story there are hundreds who will fall by the wayside. ;
However,with the collapse of the U.S. NASDAQ share index. ;
the share options held by numerous paper dot.com millionaires have ;
become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. ;
Those who could not take the hit,as it were, ;
left their employment feeling disillusioned. ;
Be that as it may. the majority in the Valley views this traumatic experience ;
only as a temporary setback for the industry. ;
They are sanguine that its longer- term prospects remain bright ;
as the ultimate potential of the ;
information age has not yet run its full course. ;
They are confident that it will flourish well into this century ;
provided it maintains its cutting-edge in ;
science and technology. ;
11-4 On Patent Laws Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from English into Chinese: ;
Today,we,pioneers and leaders of electronic commerce, ;
are meeting here to call for changes in US patent laws. ;
We believe such changes are needed to deal with new business models ;
related to the growth of the Internet. ;
I share the same view with Jeff Bezos, ;
chief executive of online bookseller Amazon-dot-com. ;
Mr.Bezos argued in an open letter that current patent laws ;
could end up harming all kinds of businesses if the laws ;
were not adapted to new business methods used in e-commerce. ;
I think US Patent laws are designed to protect ;
the commercial rights of people who have invested in new products, ;
systems or methods. Hereby I propose that the period of protection offered ;
by patents should be cut from 17 years to about 4 years. ;
I also propose a one month period of public consultation before patents ;
are issued.The purpose of these changes is to ensure ;
that patented business models and software are more quickly ;
released into the public domain. ;
Amazon was once under criticism for allegedly ahusing current laws ;
by patenting business methods that are so general in scope ;
they should be available to everyone. ;
Two examples include Amazon's patent for the so-called one click purchasing ;
option on its World Wide Web site and its program for ;
paying other web sites that refer customers to the Amazon site. ;
From my experience of working with Hi-Technology companies ;
in California's Silicon Valley, the biggest problems arise ;
when existing patent protections for business methods ;
are combined with the Internet. ;
When you combine the ability to patent business methods with the advent of ;
the Internet you have a very interesting coincidence. ;
The Internet,because it is brand new, provides a new way of doing just ;
about everything.You can have electronic shopping carts on the Internet ;
that mimic the shopping carts in the real world. ;
But because it is in a new environment, a new medium, ;
that is sufficiently novel to obtain a patent on that idea. ;
If changes in the patent laws are going to have any real impact, ;
they must be made soon, before too many more new ;
business method patents are issued. Some of my colleagues ;
in the industry have already begun lobbying lawmakers to make the changes. ;
But we have to be a little bit more patient because ;
it will take at least two years for any changes proposed now to be approved ;
by lawmakers and established as law. ;
Sentences in Focus ;
Interpret the following sentences from English into Chinese: ;
1.Today I'll focus on the importance of entrepreneurial culture, ;
drawing on the lesson from a few outstanding cases. ;
2.The truth is, really successful transformations are ;
the exception rather than the rule. ;
3.Changing the core values,the attitudes, ;
and the fundamental relationships of a vast organization ;
is overwhelmingly difficult. ;
4.Too much emphasis on earnings growth and individual initiative, ;
coupled with a shocking absence of the usual corporate checks and balances, ;
turned the company's entrepreneurial culture from one that rewarded ;
aggressive strategy to one that increasingly relied on unethical means. ;
5.The new entrepreneurial culture encourages ;
the "loose and tight"environment. ;
The idea is to combine light controls with ;
maximum individual authority to allow entrepreneurship ;
to flourish without the culture edging into chaos. ;
6.Bonds appeal to investors because of their scope for ;
capital approciation. ;
7.Investors consider investing some money in bonds ;
because they will be able to achieve a higher return than cash deposits. ;
8.In a nutshell,an investor should consider investing in bonds ;
as an alternative for the purpose of diversification in investment. ;
9.In recent years, financial markets have become ;
increasingly polarized between growth and security. ;
10.Credit rating agencies,such as Moody's and Standard & Poors, ;
assign ratings both to entities issuing bonds ;
and to specific corporate bond issues, ;
and indicate possible risk in financial investment. ;
11.Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, ;
scientists and entrepreneurs from ;
overseas flock in search of fame and gain. ;
12.First and foremost,Silicon Valley has ;
the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals ;
and the best supporting services in the world. ;
13.The never-say-die approach is the sine qua non ;
for the ultimate triumph in cntrepreneurship ;
and technological breakthrough. ;
14.They willingly support promising start-ups with urgently ;
needed initial capital to get them started. ;
15.Paper qualification, though useful, ;
is not a be all and end all. ;
16.Because of its high-risk nature, ;
for every success story there are hundreds who will fall by the wayside. ;
17.Today,we,pioneers and leaders of electronic commerce, ;
are meeting here to call together for ;
changes in the existing patent laws. ;
18.I propose a one-month period of public consultation ;
before patents are issued. ;
Unit 12 ;
Interpreting Business Speeches Chinese-English Interpretation ;
12-1 The Growing Financial Industry ;
Text for Interpretation ;
Interpret the following passage from Chinese into English: ;
先生们，女士们： 我今天想谈一下上海 金融业的现状与发展 趋势。 ;
众所周知，目前的亚洲 是全球经济发展最为 迅速的地区， ;
中国是亚洲经济增长 最快的国家，上海更是 中国经济发展最引入瞩 目的城市之一。 ;
在上个世纪三四十年 代，上海曾是远东最大 的国际金融中心。 ;
今天，鉴于上海特殊的 历史地位与地理优势， 亦基于中国经济强劲 发展的实力， ;
这座城市重建远东国际 金融中心的势态已成 定局。 ;
中国改革的总设计师、 已故的邓小平先生早 在1992年来沪时便明 确提出， ;
“中国在金融方面取得 国际地位.首先要靠 上海。 ;
”中国决策层已决心 尽快将上海建成国际 经济、金融、贸易中 心城市。 ;
经过15年的金融发展 与改革，上海金融机构 迅速发展。 ;
目前上海已形成了以 中央银行(即中国人民 银行)为领导。 ;
以国有商业银行为主 体，各种金融机构并 存，发展比较健全的 金融机构组织体系。 ;
近10年来.外资金融 机构纷纷抢滩上海， 其中包括外资银行、 外资财务公司、 ;
外资保险公司和外资 金融机构代表处。 与此同时，上海金融市 场迅速发展。 ;
迄今为止，上海已建成 了具有一定规模与相当 影响的比较完整的金融 市场体系， ;
其中包括证券市场、 外汇市场、贴现市场、 保险市场、金银买卖 市场等。 ;
上海证券市场的发展最 为瞩目，已成为辐射 全国、影响深远的国 内最大的资本市场。 ;
随着我国改革开放的 深入和综合国力的 增强， ;
上海金融业必将在更高 层次上得到全面拓展。 根据上海市政府制定的 社会和经济发展蓝图， ;
到2010年，上海将基本 建成国际经济、金融、 贸易中心之一，全方位 介入国际金融活动， ;
外汇市场，资本市场、 黄金市场实现与世界各 金融中心的全天候交 易， ;
人民币实行自由兑换。 女士们、先生们， 新世纪的上海充满着希 望， ;
是各国富有远见的金融 家和企业家大展鸿图的 黄金宝地。 ;
让我们携手合作， 共图发展大业。谢谢。 ;
12-2 Asian Cooperation Text for Interpretion ;
我很高兴参加博鳌亚洲 论坛首次年会，与大家 共同探讨新世纪亚洲区 域合作与发展的问题。 ;
亚洲是地球上最大的 洲，聚居着世界60%的 人口，资源十分丰富， ;
历史源远流长，文化博 大精深。近年来，在亚 洲国家共同努力下， ;
包容、平等和渐进的 地区合作意识日益加 强，开放、健康和互利 的合作局面正在形成。 ;
亚太经合组织不断发 展，东亚区域合作方 兴未艾， ;
“上海合作组织”顺利 运转。我国与东盟国家 一致同意今后10年内 逐步建立 ;
中国一东盟自由贸易 区，并正就启动谈判进 行接触。 ;
这些将为亚洲国家和地 区扩大交流、深化合 作，提供重要渠道和 机制。 ;
但是，与欧洲和北美区 域合作相比，亚洲区 域合作相对落后。 ;
——段时间以来，许多方 面对亚洲区域合作的 发展方向提出不少独到 见解。 ;
这里，我谈几点看法： ;
第一，以经济合作为 重点，逐步拓展全方位 合作。 ;
发展经济是亚洲各国的 首要任务。从实际需要 和实践看， ;
可以把贸易、交通、 农业、信息、能源作 为优先合作领域，并逐 步向其他领域扩展。 ;
第二，立足现有合作渠 道，不断扩大合作范 围。 ;
东亚、南亚、西亚和 中亚地理上相对独立， 经济发展各有特色。 ;
从便利性和有效性看， 应首先加强次区域合 作，在此基础上，积极 探索泛亚合作的途径。 ;
第三，进一步拓展双边 合作，增强区域合作的 基础。 ;
加强双边合作有利于 推动区域合作的顺利 发展。 ;
区域合作也有利于为 双边开辟更广阔的空 间。两者可以形成良 性互动。 ;
第四，实行开放式地区 合作。合作不可能自 我封闭，更不应形成排 他性集团。 ;
亚洲国家应通过APEC、 亚欧会议和东亚一拉美 合作论坛等渠道， ;
进一步加强与各大洲国 家的合作。 中国是亚洲的一员。 ;
20多年来.中国坚定 不移地推进改革开放， 加速国民经济发展。 ;
中国改革开放和现代 化的新跨越，不仅将给 中国人民带来巨大 福祉， ;
也必将提供无限商机， 为亚洲和世界经济合作 开辟新的广阔空间。 ;
加入世贸组织，是中国 对外开放的新起点。 ;
我们将在更大范围和更 深程度上参与国际经济 合作与竞争。 ;
中国将进一步向亚洲和 世界开放，向各国的企 业家、投资者开放。 ;
我们恪守人世承诺， 有步骤地扩大开放领 域，降低关税水平， 取消非关税壁垒。 ;
我们也将不断完善法 治，创造更加公平、 透明和可预见的市场 环境。 ;
同时，我们还将大力 实施“走出去”战略， 鼓励中国各种所有制企 业走向世界。 ;
中国人民热爱和平， 中国的发展需要和平。 亚洲人民勤劳智慧， 自强不息。 ;
中国人民愿与亚洲各国 人民一道，携手共创 美好未来。 ;
