1 break a record
Shi Zhiyong of China has broken his own world record to win gold in the men's 73kg weightlifting event at the Olympic Games Tokyo 2020.
2020年东京奥运会男子73公斤级举重项目，中国选手石志勇打破自己的世界纪录夺得金牌。
 
2 set a record
They want to set a record by making Buffalo's largest cookie.
他们想打破巴甫洛最大的曲奇纪录。
 
【小知识】
如果说set/ put the record straight，就跟打破记录没多大关系了，它的意思是陈述真相，澄清是非。
She's decided to write her memoirs to set the record straight once and for all.
她决定撰写回忆录以彻底澄清事实。
 
3 chalk up records
chalk sth up的意思是获(胜)、得(分)，比如：
New world records in the track and field events are chalked up from time to time in the past few years.
近几年来经常出现新的世界田径纪录。
 
4 create/ establish/ make/ register a new record
She established a new European record in the high jump.
她创造了欧洲跳高的新纪录。
 
5 beat/ smash/ shatter a previous record
beat、smash和shatter都有打、打破的意思，这几个词是不是比break更激烈更生动呢?
She beat the world record in the three events and entered on her way to two gold medals and a silver.
她在三项竞赛中打破了世界纪录，获得两枚金牌和一枚银牌。
 
6 surpass all previous records
surpass的意思是超过、优于、胜过，比如：
His time for the 100 meters surpassed the previous world record by one hundredth of a second.
他以0.01秒的优势打破了100米短跑的前世界纪录。