句子成分有几种表示办法，表示的东西可以是：
1.单词(words):
They built a house.
他们盖了一栋房子。
Barking dogs seldom bite.
爱叫的狗很少咬人。(谚)
2.短语(phraoes)——由两个或更多的词构成的词组：
She doesn't know Chinese.
她不懂汉语。(动词短语缨谓语)
We watch TV after super.
晚饭后我们看电视。(介词短语作状语)
I've come to learn from you.
我是来向你们学习的。(不定式短语缨状语)
3.从句(dauses))—— 一个与句子结构相似的短句：
I'll come over to see you when I have time.
我有空时过来看你。(从句作状语)
She says she isn't coming back today.
她说她今天不回来了。(从句作宾语)
有些成分有时由两部分构成，称为复合结构，如：
1.复合谓语(有些由系动词十表语构成):
She looks quite healthy.
她看起来很健康。
He became a teacher last year.
去年他当了教师。
healthy和a teacher说明主语的状态，称为表语(predicative)。
2.复合宾语(由宾语和补语构成):
She told the boy to go home.
她让男孩回家。(名词+不定式)
I saw a man coming up.
我看见一个人走了过来。(名词十现在分词短语)
He found the door locked.
他发现门被锁上了。(名词+过去分词)
to go home, comingup 和locked 都是补语(complement)。
另外有些动词由两个或更多词构成，称为成语动词(phrasal verbs):
who is looking after the baby?
谁在看宝宝?
I'll take after it.
这事我来管。
此外有些动词有两个宾语(一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语):
Tell me (间接宾语) your name (直接宾语).
把你名字告诉我。
Sing us (间接宾语) a song (直接宾语).
给我们唱一支歌。
