132 by,to和until均可表示“到……时间”,但有区别
① by表示时间时意为“截止到(过去或将来)某一时刻为止,在此以前”。
By the end of last month she had studied here for three years. 到上月末,她在这里学习已满三年了。
You should return the book by Thursday. 你应在星期四以前还这本书。
② to常用于from…to中表示时间,也可用于计算时间。
I usually do some reading from eight to eleven in the evening. 我通常晚上八点到十一点读点东西。
He will stay here to the end of the month. 他将在这里待到月底。
They used to work from morning to night. 他们以前从早干到晚。(=from morning till night,from dawn till dark)
③ until/till意为“直到”,指执行的某事一直延续到某一时刻末停止。
You may stay here until/till next month. 你可以在这里待到下个月。
I waited for her until/till ten o'clock in the evening. 我等她一直到晚上10点。
Your passport will remain in operation until/till October. 你的护照在10月前有效。