418 join the army和be in the army——非延续性动词的正确用法
◎ 非延续性动词指动作一开始就结束的动词，即表示一刹那发生的动作。常用的有：
begin开始
open打开
start开始
go去
join参加
leave离开
become成为
borrow借来
buy买
lend借出
close关上
wake醒来
die死亡
get up起床
fall asleep入睡
come来
go to sleep入睡
reach到达
arrive到达
get to到达
◎ 非延续性动词不能同表示一段时间的状语连用，不能同for引导的短语或since引导的短语和从句连用，如果句中有表示一段时间的状语，则必须改用延续性动词。转换例示如下：
① begin和start改为be on等。
The meeting has begun. 会议已经开始了。
会议已经开始10分钟了。
The meeting has begun for ten minutes.
The meeting has been on for ten minutes.
It is ten minutes since the meeting began.
He started to study English two years ago. 他两年前开始学英语。
他学英语已经2年了。
He has started to study English for two years.
He has studied English for two years.
It is two years since he started to study English.
② go和leave改为be away（from）等。
他已经离开5天了。
He has gone for five days.
He has been away for five days.
她自从上个月就离开这座城市了。
She has left the town since last month.
She has been away from the town since last month.
③ open改为be open（为形容词）。
门开了一整天。
The door has opened the whole day.
The door has been open the whole day.
④ close改为be closed。
窗户自昨天晚上就关着。
The window has closed since last night.
The window has been closed since last night.
⑤ join和become改为be（a）+职业名词或be in the+组织名词等。
He has joined the army. 他已经入伍了。
他入伍已经3年了。
He has joined the army for three years.
He has been a soldier for three years.
He has been in the army for three years.
It is three years since he joined the army.
她入党已经10年了。
She has become a Party member for 10 years.
She has been a Party member for 10 years.
It is ten years since she became a Party member.
⑥ borrow和lend改为keep。
这本词典你可以借一周。
You may borrow the dictionary for a week.
You may keep the dictionary for a week.
这本书我只能借给你一天。
I can lend you the book for one day.
You can keep the book for one day.
⑦ arrive，come，reach和get to改为be+副词或be+in+地点名词。
他来这里已经几天了。
He has come here for a few days.
He has been here for a few days.
他们到南京已经10小时了。
They have arrived in/reached/got to Nanjing for 10 hours.
They have been in Nanjing for 10 hours.
It is 10 hours since they arrived in/reached/got to Nanjing.
⑧ buy改为have或keep。
这只猫她已经买了5个月了。
She has bought the cat for five months.
She has had/kept the cat for five months.
⑨ wake改为awake。
自从4点钟他就醒了。
He has woken since 4 o'clock.
He has been awake since 4 o'clock.
⑩ die改为be dead。
她去世已经10多年了。
She has died for over ten years.
She has been dead for over ten years.
It is over ten years since she died.
⑪ fall asleep改为sleep或be asleep。
她已经睡了10个小时了。
She has fallen asleep for ten hours.
She has slept for ten hours.
She has been asleep for ten hours.
It is ten hours since she fell asleep.
⑬ get up改为be up。
他从早上5点钟就起床了。
He has got up since 5 o'clock in the morning.
He has been up since 5 o'clock in the morning.
