704 wake,waken,awaken,awake,arouse和rouse
① wake意为“醒来,觉醒;激发,唤醒”,为常用词,常同up连用,指较缓慢或艰难地醒来,过去式为waked或woke,过去分词为waked,woke或woken。
She woke (up)at the break of dawn. 她天刚亮就醒来。
He woke to find that it was snowing. 他醒来时发现天在下雪。
The noise waked us out of a sound sleep. 吵闹声把我们从沉睡中弄醒了。
The lesson may wake him up. 这个教训可能使他觉悟。
Spring wakes all nature. 春天使大自然觉醒。
② waken意为“醒,唤醒”,一般作及物动词,常用于被动语态,为正式用语。作比喻用时,多指唤起觉悟、兴趣、使之振作等。偶尔也用作不及物动词,相当于wake。
She was wakened by the explosion. 爆炸声使她惊醒。
John wakened/woke at five o'clock. 约翰6点钟醒了。
③ awaken意为“唤醒,唤起,使……觉悟/认识到”。语体比awake和waken更为正式,用作及物动词,常用于被动语态,有“惊醒的”意味。
She was awakened by the alarm. 她被警报惊醒了。
His speech awakened her interest. 他的谈话唤起了她的兴趣。
They have been awakened to the importance of science and technology. 他们认识到科学技术的重要性。
④ awake作形容词用时,意为“醒着的”,表示状态,一般只能用作表语。
She was awake. 她醒着。
He is still awake at midnight. 他到半夜还醒着。
⑤ awake可作动词用,作及物动词时,表示“唤醒……”,作不及物动词时,表示“醒来”,过去式是awoke,过去分词是awoken。
He usually awakes at six. 他通常6点醒。
She awoke him at half past six. 她6点30分叫醒了他。
提示
awake和awaken更多地用于比喻中。
The national spirit awoke. 民族精神觉醒了。
We awakened him to the danger he is in. 我们使他认识到所面临的危险。
⑥ arouse也有“唤醒”的意思,为及物动词。arouse除表示一般的唤醒外,常用作比喻,指唤起注意、同情,引起不快、猜疑等。
Don't arouse him;He is tired. 不要叫醒他,他累了。
Arouse the people to action. 唤起人民行动起来。
The letter aroused his suspicion. 那封信引起了他的猜疑。
⑦ rouse为庄重用语,多用于被动语态,作比喻用时,指唤起行动或激发觉悟。
He was roused from sleep by the telephone call. 他被电话铃声弄醒了。
He was roused to anger by the insult. 羞辱使他怒不可遏。
The rumour roused fears among the public. 谣传在公众之间产生了恐慌。